Banking system control, capital allocation, and economy performance
... considerations make bank-level performance an unreliable indicator of economy-level implications of bank control. The effect of tycoon or family control over banks on economy-level capital allocation efficiency is not prima facie obvious. Schumpeter (1912) argues that the prospect of founding a priva ...
... considerations make bank-level performance an unreliable indicator of economy-level implications of bank control. The effect of tycoon or family control over banks on economy-level capital allocation efficiency is not prima facie obvious. Schumpeter (1912) argues that the prospect of founding a priva ...
Nicholas C Garganas: Macroeconomic management
... 2003 to its high of over $70 a barrel in early August of this year. The factors contributing to this sharp increase stem from both the demand-side and the supply-side. On the demand side, there has been the rapid increase in the energy needs of emerging market economies, especially China and India; ...
... 2003 to its high of over $70 a barrel in early August of this year. The factors contributing to this sharp increase stem from both the demand-side and the supply-side. On the demand side, there has been the rapid increase in the energy needs of emerging market economies, especially China and India; ...
Economic Objectives, Public-Sector Deficits and Macroeconomic
... The question to be answered in this section is: why did the government continue to spend in excess of its means while, at the same time, promising fiscal discipline? The government won the 1980 election with promises of land, free education, free health, higher wages and jobs [EIU, 1980(2)]. There i ...
... The question to be answered in this section is: why did the government continue to spend in excess of its means while, at the same time, promising fiscal discipline? The government won the 1980 election with promises of land, free education, free health, higher wages and jobs [EIU, 1980(2)]. There i ...
... Centralized national metadata repository is available and statistical releases are accompanied with metadata Centralized business register is in use and shared by a number of agencies in the national statistical system Established methods for identifying ‘births’ and ‘deaths’ of businesses IT system ...
Monetary Policy Report - January 2015
... Lower oil prices boost global activity Lower oil prices act as a tax cut for consumers and firms by reducing the prices of transportation and other petroleum-related goods and services. As a result, they are, on net, positive for global economic growth. However, the impact of lower oil prices is, of ...
... Lower oil prices boost global activity Lower oil prices act as a tax cut for consumers and firms by reducing the prices of transportation and other petroleum-related goods and services. As a result, they are, on net, positive for global economic growth. However, the impact of lower oil prices is, of ...
Growth in a Time of Debt
... in contrast, tends to shrink sharply in the aftermath of a financial crisis. Just as a rapid expansion in private credit fuels the boom phase of the cycle, so does serious deleveraging exacerbate the post-crisis downturn. This pattern is illustrated in Figure 4, which shows the ratio of private debt ...
... in contrast, tends to shrink sharply in the aftermath of a financial crisis. Just as a rapid expansion in private credit fuels the boom phase of the cycle, so does serious deleveraging exacerbate the post-crisis downturn. This pattern is illustrated in Figure 4, which shows the ratio of private debt ...
Determinants of Inflation and Feasibility of Inflation Targeting in a
... during most of the period under study. A summary of the fiscal policy record of the country during this period is presented in Figure 1. The figure shows how the levels of government revenues and expenditures and the budget balance as percentages of GDP have changed over time during the period under ...
... during most of the period under study. A summary of the fiscal policy record of the country during this period is presented in Figure 1. The figure shows how the levels of government revenues and expenditures and the budget balance as percentages of GDP have changed over time during the period under ...
Third Outline Perspective Plan of Malaysia
... has changed the basis and format for global and regional competitiveness and forced developing nations in particular, to review their policies and strategies. These countries are opening up their markets and economies to encourage freer flow of trade and investment as well as knowledge, technology a ...
... has changed the basis and format for global and regional competitiveness and forced developing nations in particular, to review their policies and strategies. These countries are opening up their markets and economies to encourage freer flow of trade and investment as well as knowledge, technology a ...
aj-vyproty
... The main difference between a company and other legal forms of enterprise is the limited liability of the companies´ partners or shareholders. In the Commercial Code companies are referred to as commercial companies or business companies. A company is founded when its Articles of association has bee ...
... The main difference between a company and other legal forms of enterprise is the limited liability of the companies´ partners or shareholders. In the Commercial Code companies are referred to as commercial companies or business companies. A company is founded when its Articles of association has bee ...
THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Country presentation
... homeless and unemployed people, (iv) loss of credibility with domestic and external economic partners. ...
... homeless and unemployed people, (iv) loss of credibility with domestic and external economic partners. ...
the full text of the Speech
... shocks. These outcomes appear to be more modest than the predictions of econometric models, estimated on the basis of past relationships when oil-price shocks exerted a relatively large impact on inflation and growth. For example, euro area econometric models predict that a 50% increase in oil pric ...
... shocks. These outcomes appear to be more modest than the predictions of econometric models, estimated on the basis of past relationships when oil-price shocks exerted a relatively large impact on inflation and growth. For example, euro area econometric models predict that a 50% increase in oil pric ...
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... Persistently high unemployment rates are just one side of the coin of an overall economic performance which is far from satisfactory. The other side of the coin is the lackluster performance with respect to growth rates, where Germany was in the course of the nineties not only outperformed by the US ...
... Persistently high unemployment rates are just one side of the coin of an overall economic performance which is far from satisfactory. The other side of the coin is the lackluster performance with respect to growth rates, where Germany was in the course of the nineties not only outperformed by the US ...
The Case for Open-Market Purchases in a Liquidity Trap
... In this paper we use a dynamic general-equilibrium model to assess the welfare impact of open- market operations for an economy in Japan’s predicament. We argue Japan can achieve a substantial welfare improvement through large open- market purchases of debt. The Bank of Japan has indeed been carryin ...
... In this paper we use a dynamic general-equilibrium model to assess the welfare impact of open- market operations for an economy in Japan’s predicament. We argue Japan can achieve a substantial welfare improvement through large open- market purchases of debt. The Bank of Japan has indeed been carryin ...
Transition Economies: Performance and Challenges
... the size of their economies, a measure that ignored the production of services. Moreover, the communist economies were characterized by prices that did not reflect scarcity and consumer demand, thus making market valuations difficult. The dramatic growth in the number of small firms during the trans ...
... the size of their economies, a measure that ignored the production of services. Moreover, the communist economies were characterized by prices that did not reflect scarcity and consumer demand, thus making market valuations difficult. The dramatic growth in the number of small firms during the trans ...
In the wake of the crisis: Argentina`s new economic and labour
... For the ILO, it meant the start of a period of follow up to the Commission’s recommendations and support to national responses to the challenges of globalization. States, for their part, had to move from the general level of objectives and principles established in the Report to the application of s ...
... For the ILO, it meant the start of a period of follow up to the Commission’s recommendations and support to national responses to the challenges of globalization. States, for their part, had to move from the general level of objectives and principles established in the Report to the application of s ...
... export basket and foreign exchange earners. Thus both monetary and fiscal policies have been manipulated in recent years to reflect this position. Besides growing at a high rate money supply growth exceeded its target for most of the period between 1991 and 2012. Target money supply growth exceeded ...
Estimating Real GDP Growth for Lebanon
... In the years that followed the Civil war, Lebanon has entered an era where reliable statistics on the state of the economy were usually absent. Lebanese economists were sometimes able to compile a few indicators, but the numbers were often based on incomplete data. In the aftermath of the war, the a ...
... In the years that followed the Civil war, Lebanon has entered an era where reliable statistics on the state of the economy were usually absent. Lebanese economists were sometimes able to compile a few indicators, but the numbers were often based on incomplete data. In the aftermath of the war, the a ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DEBT RELIEF Serkan Arslanalp Peter Blair Henry
... continued to do so for the next several years. To appreciate the full significance of the change in flows of financial resources, it is important to distinguish between the direct and indirect effects of debt relief. The direct effect is that debt relief reduces a country’s debt servicing obligatio ...
... continued to do so for the next several years. To appreciate the full significance of the change in flows of financial resources, it is important to distinguish between the direct and indirect effects of debt relief. The direct effect is that debt relief reduces a country’s debt servicing obligatio ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: Rational Expectations and Economic Policy
... unique levels of aggregate output, employment, and unemployment, denoted for obscure historical reasons as “natural” levels. Levels of aggregate output and employment above, equal to, or below their natural levels are associated with rates of inflation higher than, equal to, or less than inflation r ...
... unique levels of aggregate output, employment, and unemployment, denoted for obscure historical reasons as “natural” levels. Levels of aggregate output and employment above, equal to, or below their natural levels are associated with rates of inflation higher than, equal to, or less than inflation r ...
Post–World War II economic expansion
""Golden Age of capitalism"" redirects here. Other periods this term may refer to are Gilded Age and Belle Époque.The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of economic prosperity in the mid-20th century which occurred, following the end of World War II in 1945, and lasted until the early 1970s. It ended with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the 1973 oil crisis, and the 1973–1974 stock market crash, which led to the 1970s recession. Narrowly defined, the period spanned from 1945 to 1952, with overall growth lasting well until 1971, though there are some debates on dating the period, and booms in individual countries differed, some starting as early as 1945, and overlapping the rise of the East Asian economies into the 1980s or 1990s.During this time there was high worldwide economic growth; Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early predictions, this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war, such as Greece (Greek economic miracle), West Germany (Wirtschaftswunder), France (Trente Glorieuses), Japan (Japanese post-war economic miracle), and Italy (Italian economic miracle).