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File - chemistryattweed
File - chemistryattweed

... and was interested in the effect of heat on the chemistry of gases. In the early 1900s, Haber reacted nitrogen with hydrogen, using an iron catalyst, to form ammonia. Ammonia can be readily converted to a range of valuable products. In 1908 he had improved the reaction and in 1911 he was rewarded wi ...
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... as elements. Lavoisier was one of the first chemists to use a balanced view of chemical change, which we now call … The Law of Conservation of Mass In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants, is always equal to the total mass of the products. This law ties in well with the atomic theory ...
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... Σ (sigma) means “the sum of,” n is the amount (in moles) of a particular bond type, and D is the bond energy per mole of bonds. D is obtained from reference tables Steps in using bond energies to predict ∆H for a reaction 1. Determine how many of each type of bond must be broken in the reactants. 2 ...
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... A chunk of white phosphorus weighing 6.58 grams is put in a 750 mL flask containing dry argon (which is then removed using a vacuum, leaving only the phosphorus in the flask). A separate 750 mL flask contains 3.15 bar of fluorine gas (at 19.65 °C). The two flasks are connected so that the two compou ...
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Chemical thermodynamics



Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes.The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, four equations called the ""fundamental equations of Gibbs"" can be derived. From these four, a multitude of equations, relating the thermodynamic properties of the thermodynamic system can be derived using relatively simple mathematics. This outlines the mathematical framework of chemical thermodynamics.
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