AP syllabus
... 12. Spontaneous and nonspontaneous changes, entropy and factors affecting it 13. Second and third laws of thermodynamics 14. Gibb’s Free Energy 15. Solving problems for standard entropies of reaction 16. Calculate standard Gibb’s free energies from standard Gibb’s free energies of formation 17. Calc ...
... 12. Spontaneous and nonspontaneous changes, entropy and factors affecting it 13. Second and third laws of thermodynamics 14. Gibb’s Free Energy 15. Solving problems for standard entropies of reaction 16. Calculate standard Gibb’s free energies from standard Gibb’s free energies of formation 17. Calc ...
Chemistry
... o Be able to write numbers in scientific notation and standard form o Know the major units of measurement o Be able to identify the number of significant figures in a measurement o Be able to perform calculations using scientific notation and significant figures o Be able to correctly round a number ...
... o Be able to write numbers in scientific notation and standard form o Know the major units of measurement o Be able to identify the number of significant figures in a measurement o Be able to perform calculations using scientific notation and significant figures o Be able to correctly round a number ...
Phase-in substances Phase-in substances are substances
... These exposure scenarios may cover one specific process or use or several processes or uses as appropriate. Substance A chemical element and its compounds in the natural state or obtained by any manufacturing process, including any additive necessary to preserve its stability and any impurity derivi ...
... These exposure scenarios may cover one specific process or use or several processes or uses as appropriate. Substance A chemical element and its compounds in the natural state or obtained by any manufacturing process, including any additive necessary to preserve its stability and any impurity derivi ...
Dynamic modeling of electrochemical systems using linear graph
... generate the governing equations for the physical system to which the linear graph is topologically equivalent. In the branch-chord formulation of the system equations, Eqs. (3) and (4) can be used to eliminate the branch through and chord across variables from the set of system equations. A compact ...
... generate the governing equations for the physical system to which the linear graph is topologically equivalent. In the branch-chord formulation of the system equations, Eqs. (3) and (4) can be used to eliminate the branch through and chord across variables from the set of system equations. A compact ...
Examination
... 69 Explain, in terms of particle distribution, why a coolant solution is a homogeneous mixture. [1] 70 Explain, in terms of the molecular polarity, why ethylene glycol dissolves in water to form a solution. [1] 71 Identify the percent by volume of ethylene glycol in a solution that freezes at ⫺10.°C ...
... 69 Explain, in terms of particle distribution, why a coolant solution is a homogeneous mixture. [1] 70 Explain, in terms of the molecular polarity, why ethylene glycol dissolves in water to form a solution. [1] 71 Identify the percent by volume of ethylene glycol in a solution that freezes at ⫺10.°C ...
Unit Powerpoint
... MnO4- + Fe2+ + H+ Mn2+ + Fe3+ + H2O Fe oxidized Fe +2 to +3 Mn reduced + 7 to +2. Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1 e’ Mn7+ + 5 e’ Mn2+ 5 Fe2+ 5 Fe3+ + 5 e’ MnO4- + 5 Fe + H+ Mn2+ + 5 Fe3+ + H2O (The hydrogen and the oxygen must be included in the half reaction and balanced.). MnO4- + 5 Fe2+ + 8 H+ Mn2+ + ...
... MnO4- + Fe2+ + H+ Mn2+ + Fe3+ + H2O Fe oxidized Fe +2 to +3 Mn reduced + 7 to +2. Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1 e’ Mn7+ + 5 e’ Mn2+ 5 Fe2+ 5 Fe3+ + 5 e’ MnO4- + 5 Fe + H+ Mn2+ + 5 Fe3+ + H2O (The hydrogen and the oxygen must be included in the half reaction and balanced.). MnO4- + 5 Fe2+ + 8 H+ Mn2+ + ...
Lectures 21 and 22 - NUS Physics Department
... The loss in potential energy associated with the blocks equals the work done by the paddle wheel on the water Temperature of liquid in the container goes up when mechanical work is done ...
... The loss in potential energy associated with the blocks equals the work done by the paddle wheel on the water Temperature of liquid in the container goes up when mechanical work is done ...
Oobleck Worksheet - Science Education at Jefferson Lab
... The term “Oobleck” is derived from the book Bartholomew and the Oobleck, by Dr. Seuss. Experimenting with Oobleck is much more than having fun with a weird substance. As students participate in this activity, they will develop important skills in scientific observation. Scientists at Jefferson Lab u ...
... The term “Oobleck” is derived from the book Bartholomew and the Oobleck, by Dr. Seuss. Experimenting with Oobleck is much more than having fun with a weird substance. As students participate in this activity, they will develop important skills in scientific observation. Scientists at Jefferson Lab u ...
253 Chapter 12 Thermodynamics GOALS When you have mastered
... internal energy of a system depends only on the state of the system. For this reason it is called a state function. A state function is dependent only on the variables defining the state of the system such as the pressure, temperature, and volume for an ideal gas. A state function is independent of ...
... internal energy of a system depends only on the state of the system. For this reason it is called a state function. A state function is dependent only on the variables defining the state of the system such as the pressure, temperature, and volume for an ideal gas. A state function is independent of ...
PPT - kimscience.com
... batteries. The anode is zinc, the cathode is manganese dioxide, and the electrolyte is ammonium chloride or zinc chloride. Alkaline battery: common in AA, C and D dry cell batteries. The cathode is composed of a manganese dioxide mixture, while the anode is a zinc powder. Lithium-ion battery (rechar ...
... batteries. The anode is zinc, the cathode is manganese dioxide, and the electrolyte is ammonium chloride or zinc chloride. Alkaline battery: common in AA, C and D dry cell batteries. The cathode is composed of a manganese dioxide mixture, while the anode is a zinc powder. Lithium-ion battery (rechar ...
First Law of Thermodynamics – Basic Concepts
... (2) The mechanical properties must be uniform throughout the system (mechanical equilibrium). That is, no mechanical work is done by one part of the system on any other part of the system. (3) The chemical composition of the system must be uniform with no net chemical change (chemical equilibrium). ...
... (2) The mechanical properties must be uniform throughout the system (mechanical equilibrium). That is, no mechanical work is done by one part of the system on any other part of the system. (3) The chemical composition of the system must be uniform with no net chemical change (chemical equilibrium). ...
thermodynamics type 1
... The essence of first law is that all physical and chemical processes take place in such a manner that the total energy of the universe remain constant. However, it is observed that all processes have a natural direction ,i.e. a direction in which they take place spontaneously. First law fails to ans ...
... The essence of first law is that all physical and chemical processes take place in such a manner that the total energy of the universe remain constant. However, it is observed that all processes have a natural direction ,i.e. a direction in which they take place spontaneously. First law fails to ans ...
Thermodynamics: Notes
... The initial and final equilibrium states of a process are called the end points. A process that eventually returns to its initial state is called a cyclic process. A quasistatic process is a process in which each intermediate state is an equilibrium state. Reversible processes are quasistatic proce ...
... The initial and final equilibrium states of a process are called the end points. A process that eventually returns to its initial state is called a cyclic process. A quasistatic process is a process in which each intermediate state is an equilibrium state. Reversible processes are quasistatic proce ...
AP2 Thermal Physics
... transferred spontaneously from a higher temperature system to a lower temperature system. The process through which energy is transferred between systems at different temperatures is called heat. 5.B.5 Energy can be transferred by an external force exerted on an object or system that moves the objec ...
... transferred spontaneously from a higher temperature system to a lower temperature system. The process through which energy is transferred between systems at different temperatures is called heat. 5.B.5 Energy can be transferred by an external force exerted on an object or system that moves the objec ...
4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
... The chemical equation described in section 4.1 is balanced, meaning that equal numbers of atoms for each element involved in the reaction are represented on the reactant and product sides. This is a requirement the equation must satisfy to be consistent with the law of conservation of matter. It may ...
... The chemical equation described in section 4.1 is balanced, meaning that equal numbers of atoms for each element involved in the reaction are represented on the reactant and product sides. This is a requirement the equation must satisfy to be consistent with the law of conservation of matter. It may ...
Kinetics
... The overall concentration dependence is given by the rate law. For this example the rate law is: Rate = k [A] [B] where k is the rate constant Reaction Order For any reaction with rate law: o Rate= k[A]m [B]n, the exponents are called reaction orders. The overall reaction order is the sum of the ...
... The overall concentration dependence is given by the rate law. For this example the rate law is: Rate = k [A] [B] where k is the rate constant Reaction Order For any reaction with rate law: o Rate= k[A]m [B]n, the exponents are called reaction orders. The overall reaction order is the sum of the ...
Chemical thermodynamics
Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes.The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, four equations called the ""fundamental equations of Gibbs"" can be derived. From these four, a multitude of equations, relating the thermodynamic properties of the thermodynamic system can be derived using relatively simple mathematics. This outlines the mathematical framework of chemical thermodynamics.