5073 Chemistry (SPA)
... 440 BC, the Greek Leucippus and his pupil Democritus coined the term atomos to describe the smallest particle of matter. It translates to mean something that is indivisible. In the eighteenth century, chemist, John Dalton, revived the term when he suggested that each element was made up of unique at ...
... 440 BC, the Greek Leucippus and his pupil Democritus coined the term atomos to describe the smallest particle of matter. It translates to mean something that is indivisible. In the eighteenth century, chemist, John Dalton, revived the term when he suggested that each element was made up of unique at ...
Experiment 9
... great so that the forces of interionic interaction manifest themselves appreciably even at low concentration of an electrolyte. As a result, the ions are not completely free. This is why the state of ions in a solution is described, in addition to their concentration, by their activity, i.e. the con ...
... great so that the forces of interionic interaction manifest themselves appreciably even at low concentration of an electrolyte. As a result, the ions are not completely free. This is why the state of ions in a solution is described, in addition to their concentration, by their activity, i.e. the con ...
Department of Chemistry First Year Syllabus
... reports, etc). An examination for the ancillary courses is also given. During the first term the students take 60 hours of lectures, 60 hours of practical work (basic laboratory techniques) and two workshops (maths and arrow-pushing), which all together conform the Foundation Course. This course aim ...
... reports, etc). An examination for the ancillary courses is also given. During the first term the students take 60 hours of lectures, 60 hours of practical work (basic laboratory techniques) and two workshops (maths and arrow-pushing), which all together conform the Foundation Course. This course aim ...
Ch. 16 Study Guide
... can only use equilibrium concentrations in the Kc /Kp expression, (2) initial concentrations should be in molarity if using Kc , (3) changes in concentrations always occur in the same ratio as the coefficients in the balanced equation, and (4) all reactants should change in one direction while all p ...
... can only use equilibrium concentrations in the Kc /Kp expression, (2) initial concentrations should be in molarity if using Kc , (3) changes in concentrations always occur in the same ratio as the coefficients in the balanced equation, and (4) all reactants should change in one direction while all p ...
Mathematical Operations
... In these examples the common logarithm can be obtained by inspection. However, it is not possible to obtain the logarithm of a number such as 31.25 by inspection. The logarithm of 31.25 is the number x that satisfies the following ...
... In these examples the common logarithm can be obtained by inspection. However, it is not possible to obtain the logarithm of a number such as 31.25 by inspection. The logarithm of 31.25 is the number x that satisfies the following ...
Chem 400 Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
... Coordination compounds of Co(III) and Cr(III) have been of particular interest because their complexes undergo ligand exchange very slowly compared with complexes of many other transition metal ions. For example, Ni(NH3)62+ reacts virtually instantaneously with H2O to form Ni(OH2)62+. Under the same ...
... Coordination compounds of Co(III) and Cr(III) have been of particular interest because their complexes undergo ligand exchange very slowly compared with complexes of many other transition metal ions. For example, Ni(NH3)62+ reacts virtually instantaneously with H2O to form Ni(OH2)62+. Under the same ...
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
... they would have equal volumes. Thus, Avogadro’s law neatly explained Gay-Lussac’s Law of combining volumes. That is, volume of gases combines in small, whole –number ratios because equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules. Example Exercises: ...
... they would have equal volumes. Thus, Avogadro’s law neatly explained Gay-Lussac’s Law of combining volumes. That is, volume of gases combines in small, whole –number ratios because equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules. Example Exercises: ...
Preview Sample 2
... You also notice that the electrons in H2 are evenly distributed among the two atoms. Which two types of bonds are represented in these molecules? A. Covalent bonds in NaCl; ionic bonds in H2. B. Covalent bonds in NaCl; covalent bonds in H2. C. Ionic bonds in NaCl; ionic bonds in H2. D. Ionic bonds i ...
... You also notice that the electrons in H2 are evenly distributed among the two atoms. Which two types of bonds are represented in these molecules? A. Covalent bonds in NaCl; ionic bonds in H2. B. Covalent bonds in NaCl; covalent bonds in H2. C. Ionic bonds in NaCl; ionic bonds in H2. D. Ionic bonds i ...
664
... In making disperse azo dyes, nitrosylsulfuric acid is produced by the addition of sodium nitrite, NaNO2, to concentrated sulfuric acid (1g NaNO2 per 13 g H2SO4) Reactions The compound decomposes in moist air forming nitric and sulfuric acids. 2ONHSO4 + O2 + 2H2O → 2HNO3 + 2H2SO4 However, above 50°C ...
... In making disperse azo dyes, nitrosylsulfuric acid is produced by the addition of sodium nitrite, NaNO2, to concentrated sulfuric acid (1g NaNO2 per 13 g H2SO4) Reactions The compound decomposes in moist air forming nitric and sulfuric acids. 2ONHSO4 + O2 + 2H2O → 2HNO3 + 2H2SO4 However, above 50°C ...
5073 Chemistry IGCSE ordinary level for 2016
... 440 BC, the Greek Leucippus and his pupil Democritus coined the term atomos to describe the smallest particle of matter. It translates to mean something that is indivisible. In the eighteenth century, chemist, John Dalton, revived the term when he suggested that each element was made up of unique at ...
... 440 BC, the Greek Leucippus and his pupil Democritus coined the term atomos to describe the smallest particle of matter. It translates to mean something that is indivisible. In the eighteenth century, chemist, John Dalton, revived the term when he suggested that each element was made up of unique at ...
chemical reaction
... decomposition, single-displacement, and doubledisplacement reactions. • Classify a reaction as a synthesis, decomposition, single-displacement, double-displacement, or combustion reaction. • List three kinds of synthesis reactions and six kinds of decomposition reactions. ...
... decomposition, single-displacement, and doubledisplacement reactions. • Classify a reaction as a synthesis, decomposition, single-displacement, double-displacement, or combustion reaction. • List three kinds of synthesis reactions and six kinds of decomposition reactions. ...
ChemistryPPT
... Describe a chemical reaction that you have observed in everyday life. Underline: 3 pieces of quantitative info Underline: 5 pieces of qualitative info How did the chemical reaction start? What did it look like? What was the end result? How did you know it was a chemical ...
... Describe a chemical reaction that you have observed in everyday life. Underline: 3 pieces of quantitative info Underline: 5 pieces of qualitative info How did the chemical reaction start? What did it look like? What was the end result? How did you know it was a chemical ...
Section 2 Chemical Formulas and Equations
... atom in the reactants becomes part of the products. When writing a chemical equation, make sure that the total number of atoms of each element in the reactants equals the total number of atoms of that element in the products. This process is called balancing the equation. Balancing equations comes f ...
... atom in the reactants becomes part of the products. When writing a chemical equation, make sure that the total number of atoms of each element in the reactants equals the total number of atoms of that element in the products. This process is called balancing the equation. Balancing equations comes f ...
Worksheet Key
... 36. For each system described below, indicate in which direction the equilibrium will shift when each stress is added or removed. Also explain how the system will react to alleviate the stress. a) N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g): more H2 is added to this reaction at equilibrium. Reaction will shift to ...
... 36. For each system described below, indicate in which direction the equilibrium will shift when each stress is added or removed. Also explain how the system will react to alleviate the stress. a) N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g): more H2 is added to this reaction at equilibrium. Reaction will shift to ...
5 organic chemistry: functional groups
... There is no change in the number of valence electrons on any of the atoms in the reaction. Both before and after the reaction, each carbon atom shares a total of eight valence electrons and each hydrogen atom shares two electrons. Instead of electrons, the reaction involves the transfer of atoms—in ...
... There is no change in the number of valence electrons on any of the atoms in the reaction. Both before and after the reaction, each carbon atom shares a total of eight valence electrons and each hydrogen atom shares two electrons. Instead of electrons, the reaction involves the transfer of atoms—in ...
CHM 22 Test 2Take-homeKey Student Name
... C. Phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide yields potassium phosphate and water. D. Fluorine and potassium bromide yields potassium fluoride and bromine. ...
... C. Phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide yields potassium phosphate and water. D. Fluorine and potassium bromide yields potassium fluoride and bromine. ...
File
... • The following reaction shows table salt production. How many moles of sodium chloride are produced from 0.02 moles of chlorine? ...
... • The following reaction shows table salt production. How many moles of sodium chloride are produced from 0.02 moles of chlorine? ...
Teaching to Standards: Science
... have a chemical reaction. Say: Let’s review what we did. First we poured the liquid vinegar into the cups. Then we added some solutes—the flour to this cup, the salt to this cup, and the baking soda to this cup. We mixed the solutes with the vinegar and made different mixtures. And we watched to see ...
... have a chemical reaction. Say: Let’s review what we did. First we poured the liquid vinegar into the cups. Then we added some solutes—the flour to this cup, the salt to this cup, and the baking soda to this cup. We mixed the solutes with the vinegar and made different mixtures. And we watched to see ...
Energetics - WordPress.com
... Consider the standard enthalpy of formation of methane. The equation for this reaction, in which methane is formed from its elements in their normal states under standard conditions, is ΔHf θ ...
... Consider the standard enthalpy of formation of methane. The equation for this reaction, in which methane is formed from its elements in their normal states under standard conditions, is ΔHf θ ...
mc_ch08 - MrBrownsChem1LCHS
... decomposition, single-displacement, and doubledisplacement reactions. • Classify a reaction as a synthesis, decomposition, single-displacement, double-displacement, or combustion reaction. • List three kinds of synthesis reactions and six kinds of decomposition reactions. ...
... decomposition, single-displacement, and doubledisplacement reactions. • Classify a reaction as a synthesis, decomposition, single-displacement, double-displacement, or combustion reaction. • List three kinds of synthesis reactions and six kinds of decomposition reactions. ...
Chapter 5 ppt
... Percent yield: ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield, times 100 % % yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100% ...
... Percent yield: ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield, times 100 % % yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100% ...
Chapter 7
... • Once you know the molar mass of a substance, you can convert moles of that substance into mass (or mass into moles). • Carbon has a molar mass of 12.0 grams. • How many moles are in 22 grams of carbon? • 22 g X 1 mol/12.0 g = 1.83 moles or 1.8 moles in significant digits • mol is the abbreviation ...
... • Once you know the molar mass of a substance, you can convert moles of that substance into mass (or mass into moles). • Carbon has a molar mass of 12.0 grams. • How many moles are in 22 grams of carbon? • 22 g X 1 mol/12.0 g = 1.83 moles or 1.8 moles in significant digits • mol is the abbreviation ...
Chemical Equations Chemical Reaction: Interaction between
... Percent yield: ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield, times 100 % % yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100% Example: theoretical yield = 39.2g water actual yield = 35.5 g water % yield = 35.5g/39.2g x 100% = 90.6 % yield ...
... Percent yield: ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield, times 100 % % yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100% Example: theoretical yield = 39.2g water actual yield = 35.5 g water % yield = 35.5g/39.2g x 100% = 90.6 % yield ...
A Few Things You Might Want To Know
... Mixtures can be heterogeneous or homogeneous (= solutions). They consist of substances that can be separated by physical changes (distillation, crystallization, chromatography). Substances can be either elements or compounds. Compounds can be separated into elements by chemical changes (redox reacti ...
... Mixtures can be heterogeneous or homogeneous (= solutions). They consist of substances that can be separated by physical changes (distillation, crystallization, chromatography). Substances can be either elements or compounds. Compounds can be separated into elements by chemical changes (redox reacti ...
Redox
Redox reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed; in general, redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between species. The term ""redox"" comes from two concepts involved with electron transfer: reduction and oxidation. It can be explained in simple terms: Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion. Reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.Although oxidation reactions are commonly associated with the formation of oxides from oxygen molecules, these are only specific examples of a more general concept of reactions involving electron transfer.Redox reactions, or oxidation-reduction reactions, have a number of similarities to acid–base reactions. Like acid–base reactions, redox reactions are a matched set, that is, there cannot be an oxidation reaction without a reduction reaction happening simultaneously. The oxidation alone and the reduction alone are each called a half-reaction, because two half-reactions always occur together to form a whole reaction. When writing half-reactions, the gained or lost electrons are typically included explicitly in order that the half-reaction be balanced with respect to electric charge.Though sufficient for many purposes, these descriptions are not precisely correct. Oxidation and reduction properly refer to a change in oxidation state — the actual transfer of electrons may never occur. The oxidation state of an atom is the fictitious charge that an atom would have if all bonds between atoms of different elements were 100% ionic. Thus, oxidation is better defined as an increase in oxidation state, and reduction as a decrease in oxidation state. In practice, the transfer of electrons will always cause a change in oxidation state, but there are many reactions that are classed as ""redox"" even though no electron transfer occurs (such as those involving covalent bonds).There are simple redox processes, such as the oxidation of carbon to yield carbon dioxide (CO2) or the reduction of carbon by hydrogen to yield methane (CH4), and more complex processes such as the oxidation of glucose (C6H12O6) in the human body through a series of complex electron transfer processes.