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Are TBIs being diagnosed accurately?
Are TBIs being diagnosed accurately?

Seizure threshold and psychotropic medications
Seizure threshold and psychotropic medications

Social Phobia
Social Phobia

Final Exam – Neurology 2004 1. A 16 year old boy is examined in
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A putative founder effect for Parkinson`s disease in South African
A putative founder effect for Parkinson`s disease in South African

... cell injury and death in neurodegenerative disease that advances will be made in therapeutics. One major issue regarding the utility of genetics when applied to neurodegenerative disease is that age is a major risk factor, and many patients may not develop illness simply because they die before the ...
A putative founder effect for Parkinson`s disease in South African
A putative founder effect for Parkinson`s disease in South African

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Quality Measures Redux

... available on the AAN website. Unfortunately, this Appendix only contains the members of the Quality Measure developers of the AAN, and no information regarding the epilepsy measure specifics. Next, I will discuss my reactions to the eight specific measures. In particular I will comment on the practi ...
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... Consider assessing the presence of these symptoms or similar symptoms in childhood. Adults who have ADHD need not have been formally diagnosed in childhood. In evaluating a patient’s history, look for evidence of early-appearing and long-standing problems with attention or self-control. Some signifi ...
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meniere s disease presented with micro vascular compression of the

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1.5 Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus (NCSE)

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Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy: imaging

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BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER Brigid

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Management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in multiple sclerosis

Living with idiopathic basal ganglia calcification 3: a qualitative
Living with idiopathic basal ganglia calcification 3: a qualitative

... Purpose:  Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC) is a rare, intractable disease with unknown etiology. IBGC3 is a familial genetic disease defined by genetic mutations in the major causative gene (SLC20A2). People with IBGC3 experience distress from the uncommon nature of their illness and un ...
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Phantosmia



Phantosmia is an olfactory hallucination. A hallucination is the sensory perception of something with no basis in reality, as opposed to an olfactory illusion, which is a misinterpretation of a physical stimulus; in the case of an odor it is known as parosmia. Phantosmia is the perception of a smell in the complete absence of any physical odor. The perceived odor can range from pleasant to disgusting. Although the causes of phantosmia are uncertain, it often occurs with neurological and psychological disorders such as schizophrenia, mood disorders, Parkinsons disease, epilepsy, neuroblastoma, and frequent migraines.Galen also mentioned olfactory hallucinations in his work and stated that these hallucinations constitute the signs of an oncoming disease.Different types of phantosmia include: Unirhinal (single nostril), episodic, and recurrent, where the activation of brain's GABAergic system seems to play a role in the inhibition of the unirhinal phantosmia.Treatments for phantosmia range from drug therapies (e.g., venlafaxine) and brain stimulation therapies to invasive surgical procedures involving removal of the olfactory bulbs or olfactory epithelium.The word phantosmia is a noun of Greek origin. It is composed of two words: (1) phant- meaning ""phantom"" and (2) -osmia (from osme) meaning ""smell"".
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