Chemistry Revision Guide - Mr Cartlidge`s Science Blog
... It is important for chemists to be able to purify the compounds they make, this is because the impurities could be dangerous or just un-useful. This is especially true for chemists making compounds that are consumed by people such as drugs or food additives since the impurities may be toxic which wo ...
... It is important for chemists to be able to purify the compounds they make, this is because the impurities could be dangerous or just un-useful. This is especially true for chemists making compounds that are consumed by people such as drugs or food additives since the impurities may be toxic which wo ...
... of biological interest. Thus, reacting 1 with piperidine and/or morpholine, in boiling dioxane, led to 4-[(1-piperidyl)/(4-morpholinyl)]methylenepyrazolidinediones 12a and 12b, in 9598% yields (Scheme 4). IR of piperidinyl derivative 12a showed the presence of absorption vibrations for two different ...
1.02 x 10 = 3 mol lit 3.4 x 10
... easily excited to higher energy levels. The amount of energy required for excitation depends upon the size of the atom. Fluorine atom is the smallest and the force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons is very large. As a result it requires large excitation energy and absorbs vio ...
... easily excited to higher energy levels. The amount of energy required for excitation depends upon the size of the atom. Fluorine atom is the smallest and the force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons is very large. As a result it requires large excitation energy and absorbs vio ...
AJR Ch6 Thermochemistry.docx Slide 1 Chapter 6
... To discuss the energy changes associated with chemical reactions we must first define the specific part of the universe that is of interest to us, which we call the “system”. System - what we study (e.g. a beaker or flask). Surroundings - the rest of the universe outside of our system (e.g. the room ...
... To discuss the energy changes associated with chemical reactions we must first define the specific part of the universe that is of interest to us, which we call the “system”. System - what we study (e.g. a beaker or flask). Surroundings - the rest of the universe outside of our system (e.g. the room ...
Chemical Reactions
... • There are some simple rules that can be used to move the position of an equilibrium towards reactants or products: 1. Exothermic reactions give more product at lower temperatures. (Endothermic – the opposite) 2. Increasing the pressure in gas reactions favours whichever side of the chemical equati ...
... • There are some simple rules that can be used to move the position of an equilibrium towards reactants or products: 1. Exothermic reactions give more product at lower temperatures. (Endothermic – the opposite) 2. Increasing the pressure in gas reactions favours whichever side of the chemical equati ...
Chapter 3 Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry
... unknown hydrocarbon compound. (The compound may also contain one other element, such as O or N). Ø All C from the sample is converted to CO2; so the mass of C in the sample is found from the mass of CO2 produced (12.01 g C per 44.01 g CO2). Ø All H from the sample is converted to H2O; so the mas ...
... unknown hydrocarbon compound. (The compound may also contain one other element, such as O or N). Ø All C from the sample is converted to CO2; so the mass of C in the sample is found from the mass of CO2 produced (12.01 g C per 44.01 g CO2). Ø All H from the sample is converted to H2O; so the mas ...
Stoichiometry Notes
... II. Stoichiometry - shows the relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Now we will use our knowledge of chemical reactions and equations to solve problems. a. One new conversion we need to know is the mole ratio – it relates the amounts of moles of any two substances invol ...
... II. Stoichiometry - shows the relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Now we will use our knowledge of chemical reactions and equations to solve problems. a. One new conversion we need to know is the mole ratio – it relates the amounts of moles of any two substances invol ...
Chapter 6 PowerPoint
... Thermodynamics is the study of heat and its transformations. Thermochemistry is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the heat involved with chemical and physical changes. Fundamental premise When energy is transferred from one object to another, it appears as work and/or as heat. For our work ...
... Thermodynamics is the study of heat and its transformations. Thermochemistry is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the heat involved with chemical and physical changes. Fundamental premise When energy is transferred from one object to another, it appears as work and/or as heat. For our work ...
Chemical equilibrium and the kinetic theory of gases
... The partial pressures (in bar) of H2O, CO and CO2 in an equilibrium reached in a reaction vessel at 700 K were: H2O: 0.72; CO: 1.21; CO2: 2.10. Calculate the partial pressure of H2. 2 Esters, used in the food industry as flavourings, are manufactured by reacting carboxylic acids and alcohols. The e ...
... The partial pressures (in bar) of H2O, CO and CO2 in an equilibrium reached in a reaction vessel at 700 K were: H2O: 0.72; CO: 1.21; CO2: 2.10. Calculate the partial pressure of H2. 2 Esters, used in the food industry as flavourings, are manufactured by reacting carboxylic acids and alcohols. The e ...
Homework Chapter 6 - Chemistry
... D) energy available by virtue of an object's position. 2. Thermal energy is A) the energy stored within the structural units of chemical substances. B) the energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. C) solar energy, i.e. energy that comes from the sun. D) energy available by vi ...
... D) energy available by virtue of an object's position. 2. Thermal energy is A) the energy stored within the structural units of chemical substances. B) the energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. C) solar energy, i.e. energy that comes from the sun. D) energy available by vi ...
PHYSICAL SETTING CHEMISTRY
... Some properties of the element sodium are listed below. • is a soft, silver-colored metal • melts at a temperature of 371 K • oxidizes easily in the presence of air • forms compounds with nonmetallic elements in nature • forms sodium chloride in the presence of chlorine gas 54 Identify one chemical ...
... Some properties of the element sodium are listed below. • is a soft, silver-colored metal • melts at a temperature of 371 K • oxidizes easily in the presence of air • forms compounds with nonmetallic elements in nature • forms sodium chloride in the presence of chlorine gas 54 Identify one chemical ...
I have put this in the format of the 1984 exam
... has what effect on this reaction? (A) The rate of reaction increases. (B) The rate of reaction decreases. (C) The value of the equilibrium constant increases. (D) The value of the equilibrium constant decreases. (E) Neither the rate nor the value of the equilibrium constant is changed. ...
... has what effect on this reaction? (A) The rate of reaction increases. (B) The rate of reaction decreases. (C) The value of the equilibrium constant increases. (D) The value of the equilibrium constant decreases. (E) Neither the rate nor the value of the equilibrium constant is changed. ...
Name:
... According to these results, what would be the initial rate (in mol/(L·s)) if all three concentrations are: [BrO3-]=[Br-]=[H+]=0.20 mol/L? 2. Use the following diagram to answer the questions below. a) Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b) What letter represents the activation energy ...
... According to these results, what would be the initial rate (in mol/(L·s)) if all three concentrations are: [BrO3-]=[Br-]=[H+]=0.20 mol/L? 2. Use the following diagram to answer the questions below. a) Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b) What letter represents the activation energy ...
Collected Essays chapter 13 answers
... Chatelier’s principle the reaction will shift toward products, thereby absorbing energy. With greater concentrations of products at equilibrium, the value of Kp will increase. (d) For reaction Y at 298 K, which is larger: the total bond energy of the reactants or the total bond energy of the product ...
... Chatelier’s principle the reaction will shift toward products, thereby absorbing energy. With greater concentrations of products at equilibrium, the value of Kp will increase. (d) For reaction Y at 298 K, which is larger: the total bond energy of the reactants or the total bond energy of the product ...
Cool Chemical Reactions Lab Partners: Background Information
... The “Hear It Pop” experiment was a single replacement reaction because the reaction started with one compound and one element and the products were also one compound and one element. It followed the pattern A + BC AC + B. Conclusion: The hypothesis for this lab was that if the reactants in the che ...
... The “Hear It Pop” experiment was a single replacement reaction because the reaction started with one compound and one element and the products were also one compound and one element. It followed the pattern A + BC AC + B. Conclusion: The hypothesis for this lab was that if the reactants in the che ...
lect 7
... In the oxygen supply is the dominant factor controlling the redox status of a soil; when oxygen is limited other terminal electron acceptors become important. Chemical species also influence the redox status of systems, but in the presence of microbial activity they are a small consideration compare ...
... In the oxygen supply is the dominant factor controlling the redox status of a soil; when oxygen is limited other terminal electron acceptors become important. Chemical species also influence the redox status of systems, but in the presence of microbial activity they are a small consideration compare ...
No Slide Title - McMaster Chemistry
... species that loses electrons is said to have been OXIDIZED species that gains electrons is said to have been REDUCED Chemists use the concept of OXIDATION NUMBER to recognize OXIDATION-REDUCTION reactions Here Cu in Cu (s) O.N. = 0 Cu in Cu(NO3)2 O.N. = +2 Ag in AgNO3 O.N. = +1 Ag in Ag(s) O.N. = 0 ...
... species that loses electrons is said to have been OXIDIZED species that gains electrons is said to have been REDUCED Chemists use the concept of OXIDATION NUMBER to recognize OXIDATION-REDUCTION reactions Here Cu in Cu (s) O.N. = 0 Cu in Cu(NO3)2 O.N. = +2 Ag in AgNO3 O.N. = +1 Ag in Ag(s) O.N. = 0 ...
No Slide Title
... third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with one another A and C are in thermal equilibrium with B, therefore A and C are in equilibrium ...
... third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with one another A and C are in thermal equilibrium with B, therefore A and C are in equilibrium ...
Appendix N CONCENTRATION UNITS
... Parts per million is used to describe concentrations in solutions containing poorly defined or unidentified solutes or mixtures of solutes. Parts per million is also used to describe concentration levels to those who are unfamiliar with the concept of moles. Tap water contains a variety of dissolved ...
... Parts per million is used to describe concentrations in solutions containing poorly defined or unidentified solutes or mixtures of solutes. Parts per million is also used to describe concentration levels to those who are unfamiliar with the concept of moles. Tap water contains a variety of dissolved ...
Chem 11 Stoichiometry (mol-mol) Using the formulas we have
... Using the formulas we have discussed, we can now get into the real stoichiometry calculations. We will need to look at writing equations and balancing them in order to properly and correctly carry out all stoichiometric calculations. Write the reaction for the formation of Ammonia: N2 + 3H2 2NH3 P ...
... Using the formulas we have discussed, we can now get into the real stoichiometry calculations. We will need to look at writing equations and balancing them in order to properly and correctly carry out all stoichiometric calculations. Write the reaction for the formation of Ammonia: N2 + 3H2 2NH3 P ...
Molarity = M (Concentration of Solutions)
... Gas Law Stoichiometry - I - NH3 + HCl Problem: A slide separating two containers is removed, and the gases are allowed to mix and react. The first container with a volume of 2.79 L contains Ammonia gas at a pressure of 0.776 atm and a temperature of 18.7 oC. The second with a volume of 1.16 L conta ...
... Gas Law Stoichiometry - I - NH3 + HCl Problem: A slide separating two containers is removed, and the gases are allowed to mix and react. The first container with a volume of 2.79 L contains Ammonia gas at a pressure of 0.776 atm and a temperature of 18.7 oC. The second with a volume of 1.16 L conta ...
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge
... Describe a chemical test to show that the fat is unsaturated. name of reagent ................................................................................................................ result of test .............................................................................................. ...
... Describe a chemical test to show that the fat is unsaturated. name of reagent ................................................................................................................ result of test .............................................................................................. ...
Bioorthogonal chemistry
The term bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reaction that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes. The term was coined by Carolyn R. Bertozzi in 2003. Since its introduction, the concept of the bioorthogonal reaction has enabled the study of biomolecules such as glycans, proteins, and lipids in real time in living systems without cellular toxicity. A number of chemical ligation strategies have been developed that fulfill the requirements of bioorthogonality, including the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides and cyclooctynes (also termed copper-free click chemistry), between nitrones and cyclooctynes, oxime/hydrazone formation from aldehydes and ketones, the tetrazine ligation, the isocyanide-based click reaction, and most recently, the quadricyclane ligation.The use of bioorthogonal chemistry typically proceeds in two steps. First, a cellular substrate is modified with a bioorthogonal functional group (chemical reporter) and introduced to the cell; substrates include metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, etc. The chemical reporter must not alter the structure of the substrate dramatically to avoid affecting its bioactivity. Secondly, a probe containing the complementary functional group is introduced to react and label the substrate.Although effective bioorthogonal reactions such as copper-free click chemistry have been developed, development of new reactions continues to generate orthogonal methods for labeling to allow multiple methods of labeling to be used in the same biosystems.