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A Brief History of Planetary Science
A Brief History of Planetary Science

... Degree of oblateness depends on mass distribution ...
Solar System Fact Sheet - University of South Alabama
Solar System Fact Sheet - University of South Alabama

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Jupiter Fun Facts
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CHAPTER 9.3: The Outer Planets
CHAPTER 9.3: The Outer Planets

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Planet Characteristics - Red Hook Central Schools

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23.3 The Outer Planets

... Saturn: The Elegant Planet  The most prominent feature of Saturn is its system of rings.  Features of Saturn • Saturn’s atmosphere is very active, with winds roaring at up to 1500 kilometers per hour. • Large cyclonic “storms” similar to Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, although smaller, occur in Saturn’ ...
To Jupiter … and Beyond! - Five Star Publications, Inc.
To Jupiter … and Beyond! - Five Star Publications, Inc.

... while in orbit around Mars. The ship is refueled and restocked with food and gear. Now it’s time to put some serious miles between the ship, the Red Planet and Earth, the small blue planet we call home. Gear up. Your ship is heading through the asteroid belt and on to giant Jupiter! Traveling throug ...
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Outer Planets and Moons Notes

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Outer Planet review Much of what we know about the outer planets
Outer Planet review Much of what we know about the outer planets

... 14) Do Uranus and Neptune have rings? Yes, at least partial rings, Called ring arcs. ...
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Exploration of Jupiter



The exploration of Jupiter has been conducted via close observations by automated spacecraft. It began with the arrival of Pioneer 10 into the Jovian system in 1973, and, as of 2014, has continued with seven further spacecraft missions. All of these missions were undertaken by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and all but one have been flybys that take detailed observations without the probe landing or entering orbit. These probes make Jupiter the most visited of the Solar System's outer planets as all missions to the outer Solar System have used Jupiter flybys to reduce fuel requirements and travel time. Plans for more missions to the Jovian system are under development, none of which are scheduled to arrive at the planet before 2016. Sending a craft to Jupiter entails many technical difficulties, especially due to the probes' large fuel requirements and the effects of the planet's harsh radiation environment.The first spacecraft to visit Jupiter was Pioneer 10 in 1973, followed a year later by Pioneer 11. Aside from taking the first close-up pictures of the planet, the probes discovered its magnetosphere and its largely fluid interior. The Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 probes visited the planet in 1979, and studied its moons and the ring system, discovering the volcanic activity of Io and the presence of water ice on the surface of Europa. Ulysses further studied Jupiter's magnetosphere in 1992 and then again in 2000. The Cassini probe approached the planet in 2000 and took very detailed images of its atmosphere. The New Horizons spacecraft passed by Jupiter in 2007 and made improved measurements of its and its satellites' parameters.The Galileo spacecraft is the only one to have entered orbit around Jupiter, arriving in 1995 and studying the planet until 2003. During this period Galileo gathered a large amount of information about the Jovian system, making close approaches to all of the four large Galilean moons and finding evidence for thin atmospheres on three of them, as well as the possibility of liquid water beneath their surfaces. It also discovered a magnetic field around Ganymede. As it approached Jupiter, it also witnessed the impact of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9. In December 1995, it sent an atmospheric probe into the Jovian atmosphere, so far the only craft to do so.Future probes planned by NASA include the Juno spacecraft, launched in 2011, which will enter a polar orbit around Jupiter to determine whether it has a rocky core. The European Space Agency selected the L1-class JUICE mission in 2012 as part of its Cosmic Vision programme to explore three of Jupiter's Galilean moons, with a possible Ganymede lander provided by Roscosmos. JUICE is proposed to be launched in 2022. Some NASA administrators have even speculated as to the possibility of human exploration of Jupiter, but such missions are not considered feasible with current technology; such as radiation protection.
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