Limber Pine and Whitebark Pine - Alberta Environment and Parks
... the main stem of a tree. Main stem infections in young trees almost always result in tree death. Large trees can live with main stem infections, but suffer from losses of living branches which leads to reduced cone production. Blister rust-infected trees are also more susceptible to mountain pine be ...
... the main stem of a tree. Main stem infections in young trees almost always result in tree death. Large trees can live with main stem infections, but suffer from losses of living branches which leads to reduced cone production. Blister rust-infected trees are also more susceptible to mountain pine be ...
Living on the edge
... tility. The fraction of land laid fallow has shown a decline in past decades, however. Bird density and diversity on fallow land are higher compared with cultivated land. The declining acreage of fallow land must have negative consequences for migratory birds, but only few data are available to back ...
... tility. The fraction of land laid fallow has shown a decline in past decades, however. Bird density and diversity on fallow land are higher compared with cultivated land. The declining acreage of fallow land must have negative consequences for migratory birds, but only few data are available to back ...
Cattle Grazing and the Loss of Biodiversity in the East Bay
... vegetation between grazed areas and exclosures. Because riparian communities are the most diverse habitats in East Bay ecosystems, the riparian impacts of cattle grazing have resulted in the most severe loss of natural biodiversity, particularly for invertebrates, amphibians, and birds. Loss of hab ...
... vegetation between grazed areas and exclosures. Because riparian communities are the most diverse habitats in East Bay ecosystems, the riparian impacts of cattle grazing have resulted in the most severe loss of natural biodiversity, particularly for invertebrates, amphibians, and birds. Loss of hab ...
Restoring Native Forest Understory: The Influence of Ferns and
... fauna (including predation on seeds and seedlings) [11,12]; loss of ecosystem components (e.g., seed sources, seed dispersers, pollinators, specific plant species [13–15]); unfavorable physical conditions (e.g., light levels, edaphic characteristics, microclimate [16–18]); and high up-front financia ...
... fauna (including predation on seeds and seedlings) [11,12]; loss of ecosystem components (e.g., seed sources, seed dispersers, pollinators, specific plant species [13–15]); unfavorable physical conditions (e.g., light levels, edaphic characteristics, microclimate [16–18]); and high up-front financia ...
Chapter 11: Livestock Production
... Grazing systems are most favored in arid, semi-arid, or other areas of marginal value for crop-based agricultural production, while mixed farming systems flourish in temperate, subhumid, humid, and some highland climates. Industrial production, because it does not depend on local fodder supplies, ca ...
... Grazing systems are most favored in arid, semi-arid, or other areas of marginal value for crop-based agricultural production, while mixed farming systems flourish in temperate, subhumid, humid, and some highland climates. Industrial production, because it does not depend on local fodder supplies, ca ...
Eastern Deciduous Forest Species
... Brown thrashers are normally found in shrub and bramble thickets, hedgerows, shelterbelts, young forests, forest edges, and brushy riparian areas. Brown thrashers forage primarily on the ground, using their beaks to turn-over leaves and debris looking for food. More food is available when there is s ...
... Brown thrashers are normally found in shrub and bramble thickets, hedgerows, shelterbelts, young forests, forest edges, and brushy riparian areas. Brown thrashers forage primarily on the ground, using their beaks to turn-over leaves and debris looking for food. More food is available when there is s ...
Commenter 17
... to droughty conditions, competition among trees, harsh growing conditions, and unproductive soils, trees on dry forest sites can grow very slowly supporting old growth trees that are 20” DBH or even less. It is plausible that this could be the case in the Applegate, especially on south, southwest, a ...
... to droughty conditions, competition among trees, harsh growing conditions, and unproductive soils, trees on dry forest sites can grow very slowly supporting old growth trees that are 20” DBH or even less. It is plausible that this could be the case in the Applegate, especially on south, southwest, a ...
Preview
... low trees and old trees on clear-cuts and in young stands. They also contribute to a structural continuity over time. ...
... low trees and old trees on clear-cuts and in young stands. They also contribute to a structural continuity over time. ...
Joint Ecology Working Group Summary
... state in cold, dry zones where it is sometimes the only tree species able to successfully occupy the site. Life History Lodgepole pine regenerates best in full sunlight. Cones can remain on trees without opening for one or more years and may only open after heat is provided by a fire or under very h ...
... state in cold, dry zones where it is sometimes the only tree species able to successfully occupy the site. Life History Lodgepole pine regenerates best in full sunlight. Cones can remain on trees without opening for one or more years and may only open after heat is provided by a fire or under very h ...
University of Idaho - Idaho Rangeland Resource Commission
... creates areas of rangeland that are overgrazed. Range plants are designed to withstand some grazing. In fact, proper grazing can improve the health of many types of rangeland. However, if too much green material is removed from plants, they cannot recover from grazing and overgrazing occurs. Overgra ...
... creates areas of rangeland that are overgrazed. Range plants are designed to withstand some grazing. In fact, proper grazing can improve the health of many types of rangeland. However, if too much green material is removed from plants, they cannot recover from grazing and overgrazing occurs. Overgra ...
Functional Diversity of Small and Large Trees along Secondary
... change of structural and functional traits during secondary succession in TDF, only few have measured some of the environmental gradients involved [11–13]. In particular, soil water availability [11] and air temperature [14] have been described among the main filters limiting plant establishment and ...
... change of structural and functional traits during secondary succession in TDF, only few have measured some of the environmental gradients involved [11–13]. In particular, soil water availability [11] and air temperature [14] have been described among the main filters limiting plant establishment and ...
Plant diversity consequences of a herbivore-driven biome
... In semiarid shortgrass steppe of the North American Great Plains, species diversity and richness were found to decline with increasing grazing intensity (Milchunas et al. 1988; Milchunas et al. 1998), a response also found for species richness in grassland in southern Australia (Dorrough et al. 2007 ...
... In semiarid shortgrass steppe of the North American Great Plains, species diversity and richness were found to decline with increasing grazing intensity (Milchunas et al. 1988; Milchunas et al. 1998), a response also found for species richness in grassland in southern Australia (Dorrough et al. 2007 ...
Grazing, overgrazing and conservation
... supplemented, enabling grazing to continue for longer periods of time (or continuously) and in locations in which it was formerly limited by lack of water. Thus, the numbers of small livestock are increasing despite the land use limitations imposed on pastoralists. The first census of domesticated a ...
... supplemented, enabling grazing to continue for longer periods of time (or continuously) and in locations in which it was formerly limited by lack of water. Thus, the numbers of small livestock are increasing despite the land use limitations imposed on pastoralists. The first census of domesticated a ...
Research Information on Acacia Erioloba
... mining and development of infrastructure. Wood from the tree also generates income, or is a source of domestic fuel wood or building materials for some. A. erioloba was proposed for relisting because of its ecological importance, cultural value and because of the threat posed by uncontrolled (illega ...
... mining and development of infrastructure. Wood from the tree also generates income, or is a source of domestic fuel wood or building materials for some. A. erioloba was proposed for relisting because of its ecological importance, cultural value and because of the threat posed by uncontrolled (illega ...
Forest Ecology in Washington
... Changes in structure and function may influence additional ecosystems. Effects become apparent at different scales. An event that occurs at one scale may not produce noticeable results at a greater scale, or may cause effects that magnify at increasingly larger scales. Interactions among lichen popu ...
... Changes in structure and function may influence additional ecosystems. Effects become apparent at different scales. An event that occurs at one scale may not produce noticeable results at a greater scale, or may cause effects that magnify at increasingly larger scales. Interactions among lichen popu ...
3 - ICFCST
... conditions in intensive shadow as well as senescent needles are affected usually in matured stands by the schutte fungus, Lophodermium spp. In nurseries, on pine seedlings, i.e. in the conditions of well lighting, but presence of the factors, which weaken the seedlings, this fungus affects sometimes ...
... conditions in intensive shadow as well as senescent needles are affected usually in matured stands by the schutte fungus, Lophodermium spp. In nurseries, on pine seedlings, i.e. in the conditions of well lighting, but presence of the factors, which weaken the seedlings, this fungus affects sometimes ...
Conserving biodiversity and combating desertification: Achieving
... `Can conceptual links be established between these two issues? `Do these links correspond to the relevant policies developed in these fields? ...
... `Can conceptual links be established between these two issues? `Do these links correspond to the relevant policies developed in these fields? ...
PDF 1.1 MB - LUCID EAST AFRICA
... These wildlife species and the human population have co-existed without adverse effects on the range resources for a long time. However, recent management practices have led to environmental degradation of the arid and semi-arid land areas mainly through increased wildlife and livestock numbers beyo ...
... These wildlife species and the human population have co-existed without adverse effects on the range resources for a long time. However, recent management practices have led to environmental degradation of the arid and semi-arid land areas mainly through increased wildlife and livestock numbers beyo ...
Kamau_LUCID_WP36
... These wildlife species and the human population have co-existed without adverse effects on the range resources for a long time. However, recent management practices have led to environmental degradation of the arid and semi-arid land areas mainly through increased wildlife and livestock numbers beyo ...
... These wildlife species and the human population have co-existed without adverse effects on the range resources for a long time. However, recent management practices have led to environmental degradation of the arid and semi-arid land areas mainly through increased wildlife and livestock numbers beyo ...
Choosing stand management methods for restoring planted ancient
... (Table 2 below). Similarly, the process of restocking may also fall on a continuum between conventional establishment using transplants and a system based entirely on natural regeneration. The methods chosen will vary with management objectives. PAWS vary considerably, not only in the quality and qu ...
... (Table 2 below). Similarly, the process of restocking may also fall on a continuum between conventional establishment using transplants and a system based entirely on natural regeneration. The methods chosen will vary with management objectives. PAWS vary considerably, not only in the quality and qu ...
Soil nutrient status determines how elephant utilize trees and shape
... where (Woolley et al. 2009), we know that elephant maximize N and P intake depending on the time of the year. Therefore, we expect elephant to select patches and plants of the same species depending on their N and P contents. The impact African elephant have on trees has been a topic of great contro ...
... where (Woolley et al. 2009), we know that elephant maximize N and P intake depending on the time of the year. Therefore, we expect elephant to select patches and plants of the same species depending on their N and P contents. The impact African elephant have on trees has been a topic of great contro ...
- Government of Nova Scotia
... warm southern and harsh northern climates. After the last glaciers, the climate and soil of Nova Scotia became roughly what they are today. The climate and soil on your woodlot are two of the many important factors that influence what lives and grows there and the patterns in which they occur. These ...
... warm southern and harsh northern climates. After the last glaciers, the climate and soil of Nova Scotia became roughly what they are today. The climate and soil on your woodlot are two of the many important factors that influence what lives and grows there and the patterns in which they occur. These ...
The Roots of Diversity: Below Ground Species Richness and
... Background: Plants interact with each other, nutrients, and microbial communities in soils through extensive root networks. Understanding these below ground interactions has been difficult in natural systems, particularly those with high plant species diversity where morphological identification of ...
... Background: Plants interact with each other, nutrients, and microbial communities in soils through extensive root networks. Understanding these below ground interactions has been difficult in natural systems, particularly those with high plant species diversity where morphological identification of ...