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Ecological Focus Area choices and their potential impacts on
Ecological Focus Area choices and their potential impacts on

... and green manure crops in The Netherlands). The study also found little evidence from the literature that conventional catch and cover crops are directly beneficial for farmland biodiversity other than soil macrofauna. In fact, they could have a negative impact on some farmland birds if cover crops ...
Coastal and sub-coastal tree swamps
Coastal and sub-coastal tree swamps

... for long periods, or they can contract where fires repeatedly enter from adjacent lands such as cane fields, pasture paddocks or weedy urban fringes. Monitoring in the Cooloola area of south-east Queensland over the past 40 years shows coastal and sub-coastal tree swamps and forests appearing and di ...
reports - UNM Biology Department
reports - UNM Biology Department

... via long-term storage of infected seeds at room temperature, which reduced endophyte viability but not seed viability. Seeds used in the experiments were several generations distant from the storage treatment and came from field-grown parents that freely crosspollinated (tall fescue is self-incompati ...
Conservation, restoration, and effects of climate change on wetlands
Conservation, restoration, and effects of climate change on wetlands

... coastal wetlands. The timing and duration of inundation with freshwaters may change and saline regimes may be altered. These, together with future temperature changes, will affect species distributions. Coastal wetlands may also be at additional risk from sea level rise and from the impact of more i ...
- Vision Landwirtschaft
- Vision Landwirtschaft

... The enhancement of biodiversity and its use to promote better livelihoods are essential guiding principles in organic farming. When we develop Organic Agriculture standards, we want to ensure that they embody these principles. When we are engaged in advocacy or policy development we need to have in ...
Understanding Rangeland Biodiversity
Understanding Rangeland Biodiversity

... pastoralists has acted against their interests as farmers increasingly claim land by cropping. The ...
Wild Open Spaces of the West
Wild Open Spaces of the West

... For example, cows generally prefer grasses, goats consume mostly shrubs, and sheep eat mixed diets of grasses, browse and forbs ...
Long-term Effects of Shifts in Grazing Pressure on
Long-term Effects of Shifts in Grazing Pressure on

... Large mammal herbivores can strongly modify landscapes and ecosystems (Gordon & Prins, 2008) and are important ecosystem engineers in many landscapes (Hobbs, 1996). Managed herbivore populations are found in most continents and their habitats constitute more than 25% of the Earths land surface. Even ...
Recruitment limitation in secondary forests dominated by
Recruitment limitation in secondary forests dominated by

... tion into pure environmental, pure spatial (e.g. dispersal) and spatially structured environmental components (Borcard et al. 1992). We used both the Bray-Curtis coefficient (Legendre & Legendre 1988), with log(y + 1) transformed stem counts to emphasize rare species and Sørensen’s index, with prese ...
Detailed Final Report - Rufford Small Grants
Detailed Final Report - Rufford Small Grants

... function and aesthetic value of many habitats around the world. There are few ecosystems in the world that have not been invaded by terrestrial plants, especially flowering plants and conifers. Most exotic plant invasions occur in forests, both natural and disturbed ones. Widespread destruction or c ...
Environmental Watering for Tree Species in The Living Murray Icon
Environmental Watering for Tree Species in The Living Murray Icon

... floodwater on floodplains.’ 3. ‘Native tree species will germinate and recruit through retaining floodwater on floodplains.’ 4. ‘Suitable habitat for native tree species will be created or maintained through flow enhancement.’ 5. ‘The health and growth of native tree species will increase through ...
Spatial pattern in Anthyllis cytisoides shrubland on abandoned land
Spatial pattern in Anthyllis cytisoides shrubland on abandoned land

... et al. 1991). The young stems are green and remain photosynthetically active during the dry season when the shrubs are normally leafless. Artemisia barrelieri is a subshrub with small evergreen leaves and attains a height of 20 - 30 cm. It is endemic to the dry Mediterranean region of Spain (Freitag ...
Moringa oleifera Der Wunderbaum
Moringa oleifera Der Wunderbaum

... Lake Victoria it really was like a miracle. Heavy rains had caused the lake water to turn brown. After using moringa seeds, we could drink tea made with lake water – and taste the tea! ...
Reexamination of Pore Water Sulfide Concentrations and Redox
Reexamination of Pore Water Sulfide Concentrations and Redox

... substrate by aerial segments called columns (after Gill and Tomlinson, 1977). Abundant lenticels occur on the surface of the aerial roots, but are most dense near the sediment surface, particularly on the columns, which represent the primary pathway for oxygen movement to the substrate (see Fig. lb; ...
Evaluation of stem rot in 339 Bornean tree species
Evaluation of stem rot in 339 Bornean tree species

... these studies provide evidence that the frequency and severity of stem rot influences AGB estimates. However, there have been few systematic analyses of the interspecific variation in stem rot with respect to tree properties or environmental factors that might mediate susceptibility and engender spa ...
Plant biodiversity in boreal wood-pastures: Impacts of grazing
Plant biodiversity in boreal wood-pastures: Impacts of grazing

... hand, large herbivores can kill or damage plant individuals, which can cause a random reduction or loss of some species (drift, sensu Vellend 2010). In addition, the presence of grazers creates selection that disfavors highly palatable species and those that cannot tolerate repeated defoliation or t ...
Natural Forest Management and Conservation of Biodiversity in
Natural Forest Management and Conservation of Biodiversity in

... range of logging effects from local extirpation to substantial increases in local densities of some species. The state of our knowledge does not permit quantitative predictions, but logging at any level appears to have simplifying and homogenizing effects on tropical forest diversity when examined a ...
Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do
Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do

... Gitlin et al., 2006). Such widespread mortality events can have long-term impacts on community dynamics and species interactions, and may feed back upon atmospheric CO2 and climate. Although many of the consequences of tree mortality are readily apparent, our current understanding of the causes of t ...
SECOND REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UN
SECOND REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UN

... representatives from Parliament, Government, Universities, NGO’s and the private sector as well as local people need be involved. It is important to work with stakeholders in all stages of policy development for the program and related projects. Public awareness activities surrounding desertificatio ...
PART 1 - Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development
PART 1 - Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development

... unpolluted air and quiet and peaceful. In the same survey the 5 top issues that concerned people about a future Canberra were; community well-being, environment, movement and interaction, employment and education opportunities and maintaining and enhancing unique sense of place (aspects relating to ...
The effects of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana)
The effects of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana)

... rolling and/or highly degraded sites. However, there is little information available on how eastern red cedar invasion affects steep, dry, nutrient-poor, intact prairie systems; and even less regarding the resilience of the system following removal of cedar. Of the remaining intact prairie or savann ...
Crab Nation Mangrove report
Crab Nation Mangrove report

... crabs ate crickets more than any other food option. Our lab results are similar to previous findings. According to Beever et al. (1979), animal matter is significantly preferred over plant matter and the mangrove tree crab will opportunistically feed on animal resources that are available. A study ...
Small Game Management in Georgia - Georgia DNR
Small Game Management in Georgia - Georgia DNR

... high quail population was the accidental byproduct of low intensity agriculture and forestry practices commonly applied throughout most of the state during the late 1800s - mid 1900s. However, veteran quail hunters are well aware that quail abundance has dropped dramatically, making hunting much les ...
climate change adaptation plans for south african biomes
climate change adaptation plans for south african biomes

... Table 2: Albany Thicket: Top ecosystem services .........................................................................................................................9 Table 3: Albany Thicket: Top climate-related risks by 2050 .................................................................... ...
Climate change adaptation plans for South African biomes
Climate change adaptation plans for South African biomes

... Table 2: Albany Thicket: Top ecosystem services .........................................................................................................................9 Table 3: Albany Thicket: Top climate-related risks by 2050 .................................................................... ...
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Farmer-managed natural regeneration

Farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) is a low-cost, sustainable land-restoration technique used to combat poverty and hunger amongst poor subsistence farmers in developing countries by increasing food and timber production, and resilience to climate extremes. It involves the systematic regeneration and management of trees and shrubs from tree stumps, roots and seeds.FMNR is especially applicable, but not restricted to, the dryland tropics. As well as returning degraded croplands and grazing lands to productivity, it can be used to restore degraded forests, thereby reversing biodiversity loss and reducing vulnerability to climate change. FMNR can also play an important role in maintaining not-yet-degraded landscapes in a productive state, especially when combined with other sustainable land management practices such as conservation agriculture on cropland and holistic management on rangelands.FMNR adapts centuries-old methods of woodland management, called coppicing and pollarding, to produce continuous tree-growth for fuel, building materials, food and fodder without the need for frequent and costly replanting. On farmland, selected trees are trimmed and pruned to maximise growth while promoting optimal growing conditions for annual crops (such as access to water and sunlight). When FMNR trees are integrated into crops and grazing pastures there is an increase in crop yields, soil fertility and organic matter, soil moisture and leaf fodder. There is also a decrease in wind and heat damage, and soil erosion.In the Sahel region of Africa, FMNR has become a potent tool in increasing food security, resilience and climate change adaptation in poor, subsistence farming communities where much of sub-Saharan Africa’s poverty exists. FMNR is also being promoted in East Timor, Indonesia and Myanmar.FMNR complements the evergreen agriculture, conservation agriculture and agroforestry movements. It is considered a good entry point for resource-poor and risk-averse farmers to adopt a low-cost and low-risk technique. This in turn has acted as a stepping stone to greater agricultural intensification as farmers become more receptive to new ideas.
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