Earths Moon and Solar System Test Prep-2
... Base your answers to the following 4 questions on the graph below, which shows two conditions responsible for the formation and composition of some planets in our solar system. The distances of Earth and Neptune from the Sun, in astronomical units (AU), are shown beneath the horizontal axis. (1 AU = ...
... Base your answers to the following 4 questions on the graph below, which shows two conditions responsible for the formation and composition of some planets in our solar system. The distances of Earth and Neptune from the Sun, in astronomical units (AU), are shown beneath the horizontal axis. (1 AU = ...
Habitable Zone Lifetimes of Exoplanets around Main Sequence Stars
... the CO2 mixing ratio of the atmosphere, and active plate tectonics and volcanism are necessary for this biogeochemical cycle to operate (Sleep and Zahnle, 2001). However, it is possible that more massive ‘‘super-Earths’’ may exhibit an entirely different mode of thermal evolution due to the fact tha ...
... the CO2 mixing ratio of the atmosphere, and active plate tectonics and volcanism are necessary for this biogeochemical cycle to operate (Sleep and Zahnle, 2001). However, it is possible that more massive ‘‘super-Earths’’ may exhibit an entirely different mode of thermal evolution due to the fact tha ...
Making More Terrestrial Planets
... outcomes of the runaway growth stage. The initial eccentricities and inclinations for these simulations were chosen randomly in the range 0 < e < e0 and 0 < i < i 0 . In simulations 01, 02, 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, and 32, e0 = 0.01 and i 0 = 0.5◦ , while in the other 8 simulations e0 = 0.1 and i 0 = 5◦ ...
... outcomes of the runaway growth stage. The initial eccentricities and inclinations for these simulations were chosen randomly in the range 0 < e < e0 and 0 < i < i 0 . In simulations 01, 02, 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, and 32, e0 = 0.01 and i 0 = 0.5◦ , while in the other 8 simulations e0 = 0.1 and i 0 = 5◦ ...
Radial Velocity - Yale Exoplanet
... achieved the unprecedented precision of 15 m s−1 . Unfortunately, because of the small sample size, no planets were found. However, upper limits were set on M sin i for orbital periods out to 15 years for the 21 stars that they observed (Walker et al. 1995). Cross-correlation speedometers were also ...
... achieved the unprecedented precision of 15 m s−1 . Unfortunately, because of the small sample size, no planets were found. However, upper limits were set on M sin i for orbital periods out to 15 years for the 21 stars that they observed (Walker et al. 1995). Cross-correlation speedometers were also ...
Comets and the Age of the Solar System
... so far is that of Slusher1). The case is usually made as follows. The standard model of a comet is one in which all of the material observed is released by an icy nucleus only a few kilometres across. This model strongly suggests that comets are very fragile, losing much of their material during eac ...
... so far is that of Slusher1). The case is usually made as follows. The standard model of a comet is one in which all of the material observed is released by an icy nucleus only a few kilometres across. This model strongly suggests that comets are very fragile, losing much of their material during eac ...
November, 2015 - The Baton Rouge Astronomical Society
... So far, Kepler hasn’t yet found an identical twin to Earth: a rocky body of similar mass, sweet with liquid water, in the “Goldilocks zone” for temperatures just right for life as we know it to evolve. In fact, Kepler hasn’t yet found even an exoplanetary system resembling our Solar System, with roc ...
... So far, Kepler hasn’t yet found an identical twin to Earth: a rocky body of similar mass, sweet with liquid water, in the “Goldilocks zone” for temperatures just right for life as we know it to evolve. In fact, Kepler hasn’t yet found even an exoplanetary system resembling our Solar System, with roc ...
Comprehensive Wide-Band Magnitudes and Albedos for the Planets
... observational procedures used to address these unique challenges are discussed for each planet in the appendix. The instrumental magnitudes derived from reduced CCD images were corrected for extinction and transformed to standard Sloan magnitudes. The methods originally developed by Hardie (1962) fo ...
... observational procedures used to address these unique challenges are discussed for each planet in the appendix. The instrumental magnitudes derived from reduced CCD images were corrected for extinction and transformed to standard Sloan magnitudes. The methods originally developed by Hardie (1962) fo ...
The Astrophysics of Planetary Habitability
... P2.16. The 16 Cygni system: a laboratory for studying the influence of a planetary system on its host star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P2.17. Probing the evolution of stellar activity in open clusters . . . . . . 3. Planet Formation and Habitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... P2.16. The 16 Cygni system: a laboratory for studying the influence of a planetary system on its host star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P2.17. Probing the evolution of stellar activity in open clusters . . . . . . 3. Planet Formation and Habitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
McDonald I....Tisserand, P. et al ExELS an
... variation of companion frequency with metallicity and statistically explore the strength of star–planet tides. We conservatively estimate that ExELS will detect ∼4100 sub-stellar objects, with sensitivity typically reaching down to Neptune-mass planets. Of these, ∼600 will be detectable in both Eucl ...
... variation of companion frequency with metallicity and statistically explore the strength of star–planet tides. We conservatively estimate that ExELS will detect ∼4100 sub-stellar objects, with sensitivity typically reaching down to Neptune-mass planets. Of these, ∼600 will be detectable in both Eucl ...
Titan`s Methane Weather
... ground, we can observe Titan most nights, and it is only through this frequent sampling that we identified the clustering of the mid-latitude clouds in longitude, and the lifetimes and statistics of the south polar clouds. Cassini has observed some of these same clouds and at much higher spatial res ...
... ground, we can observe Titan most nights, and it is only through this frequent sampling that we identified the clustering of the mid-latitude clouds in longitude, and the lifetimes and statistics of the south polar clouds. Cassini has observed some of these same clouds and at much higher spatial res ...
Our Solar System
... a. no clouds form in the pure hydrogen atmosphere. b. there is no differential rotation. c. clouds form very deep in the atmosphere. d. the atmosphere is stirred by cyclonic circulation. e. there is no liquid metallic core. The magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune are peculiar in that they are a. h ...
... a. no clouds form in the pure hydrogen atmosphere. b. there is no differential rotation. c. clouds form very deep in the atmosphere. d. the atmosphere is stirred by cyclonic circulation. e. there is no liquid metallic core. The magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune are peculiar in that they are a. h ...
Launch - Pluto - JHUAPL - The Johns Hopkins University Applied
... General Release NASA Sets Sights on First Pluto Mission NASA is preparing to launch the first spacecraft to distant Pluto and its moon Charon. The January 2006 launch of New Horizons will complete the initial reconnaissance of the planets in the solar system. “New Horizons will study a unique world, ...
... General Release NASA Sets Sights on First Pluto Mission NASA is preparing to launch the first spacecraft to distant Pluto and its moon Charon. The January 2006 launch of New Horizons will complete the initial reconnaissance of the planets in the solar system. “New Horizons will study a unique world, ...
Young Astronomers Digest
... don’t come in only the colour white and why Polaris may not be as bright as you think… The budding astronomers amongst us, however, can relish more advanced topics like the (still hotly-debated) theories on why the moon looks bigger than the horizon than directly overhead, as well as the different c ...
... don’t come in only the colour white and why Polaris may not be as bright as you think… The budding astronomers amongst us, however, can relish more advanced topics like the (still hotly-debated) theories on why the moon looks bigger than the horizon than directly overhead, as well as the different c ...
Did Saturn`s rings form during the Late Heavy Bombardment?
... with the fact that the current rate of passing comets is far too low for either of the scenarios above to have been likely during the last billion years of the Solar System history (Harris, 1984; Dones, 1991; Lissauer et al., 1988). However, some recent re-evaluations and numerical modeling of ring ...
... with the fact that the current rate of passing comets is far too low for either of the scenarios above to have been likely during the last billion years of the Solar System history (Harris, 1984; Dones, 1991; Lissauer et al., 1988). However, some recent re-evaluations and numerical modeling of ring ...
Powerpoint slides - Earth & Planetary Sciences
... • Which elements actually condense will depend on the local nebular conditions (temperature) • E.g. volatile species will only be stable beyond a “snow line”. This is why the inner planets are rock-rich and the outer planets gas- and ice-rich • The compounds formed from the elements will be determin ...
... • Which elements actually condense will depend on the local nebular conditions (temperature) • E.g. volatile species will only be stable beyond a “snow line”. This is why the inner planets are rock-rich and the outer planets gas- and ice-rich • The compounds formed from the elements will be determin ...
Three newly discovered sub-Jupiter-mass planets: WASP
... 2004; Huélamo et al. 2008). Transit surveys are not affected by this ambiguity as stellar activity does not produce transit-like features in light curves. The separation of the RV contributions due to reflex motion from those due to activity can prove simple or unnecessary in the case of short peri ...
... 2004; Huélamo et al. 2008). Transit surveys are not affected by this ambiguity as stellar activity does not produce transit-like features in light curves. The separation of the RV contributions due to reflex motion from those due to activity can prove simple or unnecessary in the case of short peri ...
The Astrobiology Primer - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. publishers
... The Astrobiology Primer has been created as a reference tool for those who are interested in the interdisciplinary field of astrobiology. The field incorporates many diverse research endeavors, but it is our hope that this slim volume will present the reader with all he or she needs to know to becom ...
... The Astrobiology Primer has been created as a reference tool for those who are interested in the interdisciplinary field of astrobiology. The field incorporates many diverse research endeavors, but it is our hope that this slim volume will present the reader with all he or she needs to know to becom ...
Title: Abiotic Ozone and Oxygen in Atmospheres Similar to Prebiotic
... dynamic equilibrium is not the same thing as chemical equilibrium due to the energy input from stars, but instead represents a steady-state atmospheric composition. The one thing that can change the redox balance of an Earth-mass planet is hydrogen escape to space, which can irreversibly change the ...
... dynamic equilibrium is not the same thing as chemical equilibrium due to the energy input from stars, but instead represents a steady-state atmospheric composition. The one thing that can change the redox balance of an Earth-mass planet is hydrogen escape to space, which can irreversibly change the ...
A Stargazers Guide to Astronomy
... see these spectra is called a spectroscope. Considering the infinite variety of light, and its easy modification and absorption, we should expect an immense number of spectra. A mere prism disperses the light so imperfectly that different orders of vibrations, perceived as colors, are mingled. No ey ...
... see these spectra is called a spectroscope. Considering the infinite variety of light, and its easy modification and absorption, we should expect an immense number of spectra. A mere prism disperses the light so imperfectly that different orders of vibrations, perceived as colors, are mingled. No ey ...
PHYSICAL SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 10: 1. What are the
... 8. List the various spacecraft that have landed on Mars, and discuss their findings. 9. Describe the planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune in terms of size, atmosphere, composition, rotation and magnetic fields. 10. Describe the various spacecraft that have explored the outer solar system, inc ...
... 8. List the various spacecraft that have landed on Mars, and discuss their findings. 9. Describe the planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune in terms of size, atmosphere, composition, rotation and magnetic fields. 10. Describe the various spacecraft that have explored the outer solar system, inc ...
Untitled
... transparent to infrared, as is very nearly the case for nitrogen or oxygen, the OLR would be σ Ts4 . Now, let’s stir an additional gas into the atmosphere, and assume that it is well mixed with uniform mass concentration q. This gas is transparent to solar radiation but interacts strongly enough wit ...
... transparent to infrared, as is very nearly the case for nitrogen or oxygen, the OLR would be σ Ts4 . Now, let’s stir an additional gas into the atmosphere, and assume that it is well mixed with uniform mass concentration q. This gas is transparent to solar radiation but interacts strongly enough wit ...
The Dynamical Structure of the Kuiper Belt and Its Primordial Origin
... 2. The excitation of the eccentricities in the classical belt, which we define here as the collection of nonresonant objects with 42 < a < 48 AU and q > 37 AU. The median eccentricity of the classical belt is ~0.07. It should be noted, however, that the upper eccentricity boundary of this population ...
... 2. The excitation of the eccentricities in the classical belt, which we define here as the collection of nonresonant objects with 42 < a < 48 AU and q > 37 AU. The median eccentricity of the classical belt is ~0.07. It should be noted, however, that the upper eccentricity boundary of this population ...
Extrasolar Planet Studies:The Italian Contribution
... camera on the newly built VLT 2.6m survey Telescope (operational early 2009) ...
... camera on the newly built VLT 2.6m survey Telescope (operational early 2009) ...
A Reappraisal of The Habitability of Planets around M Dwarf Stars
... well-schooled readers, this section presents a miniguide to those classification schemes that are used in this paper to discuss the habitability of planets orbiting M dwarf stars. “M” is a stellar classification based on the characteristic features found in relatively low-resolution spectra, initial ...
... well-schooled readers, this section presents a miniguide to those classification schemes that are used in this paper to discuss the habitability of planets orbiting M dwarf stars. “M” is a stellar classification based on the characteristic features found in relatively low-resolution spectra, initial ...
Planets beyond Neptune
Following the discovery of the planet Neptune in 1846, there was considerable speculation that another planet might exist beyond its orbit. The search began in the mid-19th century and culminated at the start of the 20th with Percival Lowell's quest for Planet X. Lowell proposed the Planet X hypothesis to explain apparent discrepancies in the orbits of the giant planets, particularly Uranus and Neptune, speculating that the gravity of a large unseen ninth planet could have perturbed Uranus enough to account for the irregularities.Clyde Tombaugh's discovery of Pluto in 1930 appeared to validate Lowell's hypothesis, and Pluto was officially named the ninth planet. In 1978, Pluto was conclusively determined to be too small for its gravity to affect the giant planets, resulting in a brief search for a tenth planet. The search was largely abandoned in the early 1990s, when a study of measurements made by the Voyager 2 spacecraft found that the irregularities observed in Uranus's orbit were due to a slight overestimation of Neptune's mass. After 1992, the discovery of numerous small icy objects with similar or even wider orbits than Pluto led to a debate over whether Pluto should remain a planet, or whether it and its neighbours should, like the asteroids, be given their own separate classification. Although a number of the larger members of this group were initially described as planets, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union reclassified Pluto and its largest neighbours as dwarf planets, leaving Neptune the farthest known planet in the Solar System.Today, the astronomical community widely agrees that Planet X, as originally envisioned, does not exist, but the concept of Planet X has been revived by a number of astronomers to explain other anomalies observed in the outer Solar System. In popular culture, and even among some astronomers, Planet X has become a stand-in term for any undiscovered planet in the outer Solar System, regardless of its relationship to Lowell's hypothesis. Other trans-Neptunian planets have also been suggested, based on different evidence. As of March 2014, observations with the WISE telescope have ruled out the possibility of a Saturn-sized object out to 10,000 AU, and a Jupiter-sized or larger object out to 26,000 AU.