m, a, e
... Only if and when the gap becomes so wide that the near-lying LRs are eliminated, eccentricity is excited. (==> planets larger than 10 m_jup were predicted to be on eccentric orbits (Artymowicz 1992). In practice, this may account for intermediate-e exoplanets. For extremely high e’s we need N-body e ...
... Only if and when the gap becomes so wide that the near-lying LRs are eliminated, eccentricity is excited. (==> planets larger than 10 m_jup were predicted to be on eccentric orbits (Artymowicz 1992). In practice, this may account for intermediate-e exoplanets. For extremely high e’s we need N-body e ...
Astronomy 150 The Planets
... may actually be part of the same feature and have the same age. A lava flow (mare surface) fills in much of the image and overlays and abuts the mountains and ghost crater (2). Lava channels overlay the lava flow in numerous places indicating a younger age. In particular one of them (3) cuts across ...
... may actually be part of the same feature and have the same age. A lava flow (mare surface) fills in much of the image and overlays and abuts the mountains and ghost crater (2). Lava channels overlay the lava flow in numerous places indicating a younger age. In particular one of them (3) cuts across ...
Early Dynamical Evolution of the Solar System: Pinning Down the
... (2002), a Bulirsch-Stoer integration method (Press et al. 1992) was used. In contrast with the full hydrodynamical simulations, this method is simpler and computationally cheaper, allowing us to sample a large array of systems. Additionally, given the problem’s straight-forward nature, it is unlikel ...
... (2002), a Bulirsch-Stoer integration method (Press et al. 1992) was used. In contrast with the full hydrodynamical simulations, this method is simpler and computationally cheaper, allowing us to sample a large array of systems. Additionally, given the problem’s straight-forward nature, it is unlikel ...
Search for an exosphere around 51 Pegasi B with ISO
... 1995; Marcy & Butler 1995, 1998)) is certainly one of the major astronomical results of the decade. However, the faint planets have eluded direct detection searches so far, and apart from masses (which can only be estimated due to the uncertainties in sin i) and orbital parameters, their characteris ...
... 1995; Marcy & Butler 1995, 1998)) is certainly one of the major astronomical results of the decade. However, the faint planets have eluded direct detection searches so far, and apart from masses (which can only be estimated due to the uncertainties in sin i) and orbital parameters, their characteris ...
Contrast analysis between the trajectory of the planetary system and
... where K is the planet juncture index; r ix , r iy , and r iz are the projections of the total vector onto the three axes; and t is the time. When all planets nearly unite, the planet juncture index can reach a maximum value; otherwise, the planet juncture index can reach a minimum value. Therefore, ...
... where K is the planet juncture index; r ix , r iy , and r iz are the projections of the total vector onto the three axes; and t is the time. When all planets nearly unite, the planet juncture index can reach a maximum value; otherwise, the planet juncture index can reach a minimum value. Therefore, ...
Ultra Deep Survey for Irregular Satellites of Uranus: Limits to
... 650 nm). The images were bias subtracted and then flat-fielded with dome flats taken at the end of each night. During exposures the telescope was autoguided sidereally on field stars. Seeing during the two nights varied between 0.′′ 4 and 0.′′ 6 Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM). Integration times w ...
... 650 nm). The images were bias subtracted and then flat-fielded with dome flats taken at the end of each night. During exposures the telescope was autoguided sidereally on field stars. Seeing during the two nights varied between 0.′′ 4 and 0.′′ 6 Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM). Integration times w ...
The Human Orrery - Armagh Observatory
... 1. Demonstrates Kepler’s Third Law: that planets closer to the Sun move much faster and have far less distance to travel in their orbits about the Sun than those farther out. Mathematically, “The square of the orbital period, P, is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis, a”; i.e. P 2 ∝ a3 . ...
... 1. Demonstrates Kepler’s Third Law: that planets closer to the Sun move much faster and have far less distance to travel in their orbits about the Sun than those farther out. Mathematically, “The square of the orbital period, P, is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis, a”; i.e. P 2 ∝ a3 . ...
Constraints on Long-Period Planets from an L
... may still be undergoing substantial dynamical evolution due to planet-planet interactions (Juric & Tremaine 2007; Gomes et al. 2005). While finding systems in the process of dynamical evolution would be fascinating, we also need information about systems old enough to have settled down into a mature ...
... may still be undergoing substantial dynamical evolution due to planet-planet interactions (Juric & Tremaine 2007; Gomes et al. 2005). While finding systems in the process of dynamical evolution would be fascinating, we also need information about systems old enough to have settled down into a mature ...
The Dynamical History of Chariklo and its Rings
... for epoch Jan 1, 2000 at UT 00:00. Inclinations and longitudes for both Chariklo and the planets were relative to the ecliptic plane. The planets were then integrated (within the heliocentric frame) to the epoch MJD 2,457,600.0 - the epoch of the Chariklo clones using the Hybrid integrator within th ...
... for epoch Jan 1, 2000 at UT 00:00. Inclinations and longitudes for both Chariklo and the planets were relative to the ecliptic plane. The planets were then integrated (within the heliocentric frame) to the epoch MJD 2,457,600.0 - the epoch of the Chariklo clones using the Hybrid integrator within th ...
Disk planet interaction during the formation of extrasolar planets
... Radial velocity observations of extrasolar planets have shown that many planets with a mass comparable to that of Jupiter have orbits close, less than 1.5 AU, to their stars. The solar nebula model predicts that the core of this type of planets form outside the so-called snowline, which lies roughly ...
... Radial velocity observations of extrasolar planets have shown that many planets with a mass comparable to that of Jupiter have orbits close, less than 1.5 AU, to their stars. The solar nebula model predicts that the core of this type of planets form outside the so-called snowline, which lies roughly ...
Other Planetary Systems - Colorado Mesa University
... B. The gravity of the other object forces the planet to move inward. C. It gains mass from the other object, causing its gravitational pull to become stronger. ...
... B. The gravity of the other object forces the planet to move inward. C. It gains mass from the other object, causing its gravitational pull to become stronger. ...
Course Materials - Weber State University
... FACULTY! what caused the seasons. Clearly, this would not be interesting if they all got it right. In fact, nearly everyone got it wrong. This has led to consternation and dismay in the scientific community. Myself, I wonder how much of that was just due to the fact that people hadn't thought about ...
... FACULTY! what caused the seasons. Clearly, this would not be interesting if they all got it right. In fact, nearly everyone got it wrong. This has led to consternation and dismay in the scientific community. Myself, I wonder how much of that was just due to the fact that people hadn't thought about ...
There are four terrestrial and four jovian planets.
... How do extrasolar planets compare with those in our solar system? ...
... How do extrasolar planets compare with those in our solar system? ...
Disentangling degenerate solutions from primary transit and
... planets are common; data from the Kepler Mission indicate that more than half of all stars have planets [1]. While planets range in size, encompassing Earth and Jupiter diameters, most planets are the size of Uranus or smaller and terrestrial-sized planets are predicted to orbit one-sixth of all sta ...
... planets are common; data from the Kepler Mission indicate that more than half of all stars have planets [1]. While planets range in size, encompassing Earth and Jupiter diameters, most planets are the size of Uranus or smaller and terrestrial-sized planets are predicted to orbit one-sixth of all sta ...
J Gravity and space
... Framework yearly teaching objectives – Forces • Recognise that gravity is a force of attraction between objects, that this force is greater for large objects like the Earth but gets less the further an object moves away from the Earth’s surface; use these ideas to explain: – how weight is different ...
... Framework yearly teaching objectives – Forces • Recognise that gravity is a force of attraction between objects, that this force is greater for large objects like the Earth but gets less the further an object moves away from the Earth’s surface; use these ideas to explain: – how weight is different ...
Comets
... collapsed to form the Sun and planets about 4.6 billion years ago. The most widely-accepted hypothesis of its formation is that the Oort cloud’s objects initially formed much closer to the Sun as part of the same process that formed the planets and asteroids, but the gravitational interaction with t ...
... collapsed to form the Sun and planets about 4.6 billion years ago. The most widely-accepted hypothesis of its formation is that the Oort cloud’s objects initially formed much closer to the Sun as part of the same process that formed the planets and asteroids, but the gravitational interaction with t ...
Near-Earth Objects - The Koschny Family
... Since several centuries we know that the Earth is orbiting about the Sun, as one out of several planets. Currently, there are eight planets known – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Neptune was discovered 1781. Its orbit was such that scientists thought they may be a ...
... Since several centuries we know that the Earth is orbiting about the Sun, as one out of several planets. Currently, there are eight planets known – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Neptune was discovered 1781. Its orbit was such that scientists thought they may be a ...
Planetary migration in a planetesimal disk: why did
... migrate outward, while Jupiter migrates inward. Neptune undergoes forced migration because these disks are massive. Consequently, the planet eventually migrates to the edge of the disk (and in fact goes slightly beyond it), and it can come to a rest only when the disk has been mostly depleted (which ...
... migrate outward, while Jupiter migrates inward. Neptune undergoes forced migration because these disks are massive. Consequently, the planet eventually migrates to the edge of the disk (and in fact goes slightly beyond it), and it can come to a rest only when the disk has been mostly depleted (which ...
Principal Features of the Sky - Beck-Shop
... telescope mounting lacked coordinates to record and rediscover it once Jupiter’s relatively large motion had moved away from the field. The faint object was not knowingly discovered until after calculations by John Couch Adams (1819–1892) and Urbain Jean Joseph Leverrier (1811–1877) in the 19th cent ...
... telescope mounting lacked coordinates to record and rediscover it once Jupiter’s relatively large motion had moved away from the field. The faint object was not knowingly discovered until after calculations by John Couch Adams (1819–1892) and Urbain Jean Joseph Leverrier (1811–1877) in the 19th cent ...
Principal Features of the Sky
... telescope mounting lacked coordinates to record and rediscover it once Jupiter’s relatively large motion had moved away from the field. The faint object was not knowingly discovered until after calculations by John Couch Adams (1819–1892) and Urbain Jean Joseph Leverrier (1811–1877) in the 19th cent ...
... telescope mounting lacked coordinates to record and rediscover it once Jupiter’s relatively large motion had moved away from the field. The faint object was not knowingly discovered until after calculations by John Couch Adams (1819–1892) and Urbain Jean Joseph Leverrier (1811–1877) in the 19th cent ...
Chap2-RadialVelocity
... and the combination K=f(a,e,P,i). Two additional terms are usually taken into account: (1) the systemic velocity Υ describing the constant component of the radial velocity of the system’s centre of mass relative to the solar system barycentre and (2) a linear trend parameter d,which may accommodate ...
... and the combination K=f(a,e,P,i). Two additional terms are usually taken into account: (1) the systemic velocity Υ describing the constant component of the radial velocity of the system’s centre of mass relative to the solar system barycentre and (2) a linear trend parameter d,which may accommodate ...
Planets beyond Neptune
Following the discovery of the planet Neptune in 1846, there was considerable speculation that another planet might exist beyond its orbit. The search began in the mid-19th century and culminated at the start of the 20th with Percival Lowell's quest for Planet X. Lowell proposed the Planet X hypothesis to explain apparent discrepancies in the orbits of the giant planets, particularly Uranus and Neptune, speculating that the gravity of a large unseen ninth planet could have perturbed Uranus enough to account for the irregularities.Clyde Tombaugh's discovery of Pluto in 1930 appeared to validate Lowell's hypothesis, and Pluto was officially named the ninth planet. In 1978, Pluto was conclusively determined to be too small for its gravity to affect the giant planets, resulting in a brief search for a tenth planet. The search was largely abandoned in the early 1990s, when a study of measurements made by the Voyager 2 spacecraft found that the irregularities observed in Uranus's orbit were due to a slight overestimation of Neptune's mass. After 1992, the discovery of numerous small icy objects with similar or even wider orbits than Pluto led to a debate over whether Pluto should remain a planet, or whether it and its neighbours should, like the asteroids, be given their own separate classification. Although a number of the larger members of this group were initially described as planets, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union reclassified Pluto and its largest neighbours as dwarf planets, leaving Neptune the farthest known planet in the Solar System.Today, the astronomical community widely agrees that Planet X, as originally envisioned, does not exist, but the concept of Planet X has been revived by a number of astronomers to explain other anomalies observed in the outer Solar System. In popular culture, and even among some astronomers, Planet X has become a stand-in term for any undiscovered planet in the outer Solar System, regardless of its relationship to Lowell's hypothesis. Other trans-Neptunian planets have also been suggested, based on different evidence. As of March 2014, observations with the WISE telescope have ruled out the possibility of a Saturn-sized object out to 10,000 AU, and a Jupiter-sized or larger object out to 26,000 AU.