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part two - Hoover Institution
part two - Hoover Institution

... prostitution. But in recent years, this term has been fading from use, and to the modern ear, it already sounds quaintly naı̈ve, or even mildly offensive. This is more of an expansion in consciousness than in conscience, reflecting not puritanism but rather an increased awareness of what economists ...
Grooming Tomorrow`s Change Agents: The Role of Law Schools in
Grooming Tomorrow`s Change Agents: The Role of Law Schools in

... what we need to do to right its wayward course. The discourse primarily focuses on the need for policy reform—reallocating resources and engaging in structural modifications. But, too little attention is paid to the role that individuals at every level of the system—driven by a misguided set of valu ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES IN PRISON? Harold Pollack
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES IN PRISON? Harold Pollack

... patterns making them potential clients for drug court, had long, relatively serious criminal records that would have made them ineligible under current conditions. Drug use itself may lead to more intense or longer criminal careers. Moreover, many of those dependent on expensive drugs (cocaine, crac ...
Felony Disenfranchisement: A Primer
Felony Disenfranchisement: A Primer

... considered “egregious violations of the moral code.”7 After the American Revolution, states began codifying disenfranchisement provisions and expanding the penalty to all felony offenses.8 Many states instituted felony disenfranchisement policies in the wake of the Civil War, and by 1869, 29 states ...
Collateral Consequences of Criminal Convictions
Collateral Consequences of Criminal Convictions

... consequences that attach to criminal convictions in the United States. These consequences include ineligibility for public and government-assisted housing, public benefits, and various forms of employment, as well as civic exclusions such as ineligibility for jury service and disenfranchisement. Thi ...
Retributivism: A Just Basis for Criminal Sentences
Retributivism: A Just Basis for Criminal Sentences

... without the criminal justice establishment are questioning the assumptions upon which our correctional process rests. Unfortunately, "[W]e have in our country virtually no legislative declarations of the [philosophical] principles justifying criminal sanctions." 4 An explicit sentencing policy is ne ...
study of treatment alternatives and diversion programs
study of treatment alternatives and diversion programs

... Offenders who complete TAD are nine times less likely to be admitted to state prison after program participation than those who do not complete TAD projects ...
Reevaluating the Effectiveness of Federal Mandatory
Reevaluating the Effectiveness of Federal Mandatory

... for holding this hearing on “Reevaluating the Effectiveness of Federal Mandatory Minimum Sentences.” The ACLU is a nationwide, nonprofit, non-partisan organization with more than a half million members, countless additional activists and supporters, and 53 affiliates nationwide dedicated to the prin ...


... excluded are those people with no permanent residence (i.e. homeless and residents in transient hotels). Less than two percent of the population is excluded. The excluded two percent probably have a higher percentage of frequent drug users than the included 98 percent. Although there is no strict di ...
CHAPTER 3 3.1 Self Check page 80 Do you understand what an
CHAPTER 3 3.1 Self Check page 80 Do you understand what an

... The key change was that juveniles were recognized as individuals in their own right, and no longer as chattel that belonged to either parents or the state. This meant the following things: (1) Juvenile courts now focused only on serious crime, with status offenses becoming deinstitutionalized, (2) t ...
Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action

... Some affirmative action opponents reject the diversity argument outright. They claim there is no inherent social benefit to diverse work-places or schools. Others accept the assertion that diversity is a social benefit, but express doubt over whether racial or gender characteristics provide a meanin ...
Latin America awakes: a review of the new drug policy debate
Latin America awakes: a review of the new drug policy debate

... as counternarcotics efforts in one location tend to result in drug production moving elsewhere (The Economist, 2013). Secondly, owing to their geostrategic location between North America and Western Europe, many Latin American and Caribbean countries are also negatively affected by the transit of il ...
Contribution to the UN Integrated Strategy for the Sahel
Contribution to the UN Integrated Strategy for the Sahel

... organized crime and kidnapping for ransom can be used easily for corruption, which only makes an already precarious situation even worse. This state of affairs is compounded further by the proliferation of terrorist groups, such as Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), and the emergence of new jih ...
Mapping the Elephant: Illegal Drugs in South Carolina SUMMARY
Mapping the Elephant: Illegal Drugs in South Carolina SUMMARY

... given to the form of cocaine that has been processed to make a rock crystal that can be heated and smoked.) Crack is cheaper than powder cocaine and more likely to be used by economically disadvantaged African-Americans. The sentencing disparity between crack and powder cocaine has contributed to th ...
chapter 1
chapter 1

... LO1: Discuss the primary goals of civil law and criminal law and explain how these goals are realized. LO2: Explain the differences between crimes mala in se and mala prohibita. LO3: Identify the publication in which the FBI reports crime data and list the two ways in which the data are reported. L0 ...
chapter two - Faculty Server Contact
chapter two - Faculty Server Contact

... David Farabee has suggested that the deterrence “tipping point” is likely found when the odds of detection (of criminal acts or rule violation) are about one in three ( Farabee, 2005). To achieve this level of monitoring, he argues for the hiring of additional community corrections personnel to allo ...
Report of - Ombudsman
Report of - Ombudsman

... to it, are being met in an effective and efficient manner, and that the government’s goals for the system are understood and acted on. To achieve this I have suggested that a group be set up comprising ministers with direct responsibility for criminal justice activities, the chief executives of the ...
eleventh united nations congress - United Nations Office on Drugs
eleventh united nations congress - United Nations Office on Drugs

... 65-The role of the family of the prisoner in crime prevention .............................................................................................. 58 66-Prison health solutions in resource-limited countries: the value of telemedicine ........................................................ ...
Drug Prohibition in the United States: Costs, Consequences, and
Drug Prohibition in the United States: Costs, Consequences, and

... or dealing drugs but solely for possession of an illicit drug, typically marijuana. 2 1 (Those arrested, it is worth noting, represent less than 2% of the 35 to 40 million Americans estimated to have illegally consumed a drug during each of the past years. 22 ) On the one hand, these arrests have cl ...
Reentry Strategic Plan - Northampton County Department of
Reentry Strategic Plan - Northampton County Department of

... Many  very  positive  things  are  already  happening  within  the  education  department  at  Northampton  County  Jail.    The  team   noted  that  the  judiciary  values  education  as  seen  through  their  advocacy  for  education.   ...
UMRTF Strategic Plan - Center for Court Innovation
UMRTF Strategic Plan - Center for Court Innovation

... John Megaw, Deputy Director, Harlem Community Justice Center Kate Krontiris, Planning and Operations Manager, Harlem Community Justice Center Rashida Abuwala, Research Associate, Harlem Community Justice Center Donald Farole Jr., Senior Research Associate, Center for Court Innovation Julie Weiss, R ...
Crime, Justice & Security Statistics
Crime, Justice & Security Statistics

... clearly commented upon. Publication should be in the language used by most users of statistics. There should be a good commentary on the statistics A shorter publication in English could be very useful for other countries to be able to read, but: ...
T2A evidence to the Justice Committee Inquiry on
T2A evidence to the Justice Committee Inquiry on

... Young adults are significantly over-represented in the criminal justice system, making up only 10% of the general population, but committing around a third of all recorded crime.[5] Furthermore, offenders from this age group account for both a third of the probation caseload and a third of those sen ...
Prison Education
Prison Education

... Inadequate education together with a recent criminal record places limits on the job opportunities that are available to individuals released from prison. American prisoners have consistently tested at the lowest levels of educational achievement, and at the highest levels of illiteracy and educatio ...
One Size Does Not Fit All: A Look at the Disproportionate Effects Of
One Size Does Not Fit All: A Look at the Disproportionate Effects Of

... the social and political history of the war on drugs and its effects on culture and society, specifically highlighting the disproportionate effects on the African– American community and impoverished persons). The documentary’s main focus concentrates on the racial inequities of the legal system in ...
< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 20 >

The New Jim Crow

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. Called the ""secular bible for a new social movement"" by Cornel West, the book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States — though Alexander notes that the discrimination faced by African-American males is also prevalent among other minorities and socio-economically disadvantaged populations. Alexander's central premise, from which the book derives its title, is that ""mass incarceration is, metaphorically, the New Jim Crow.""Though the conventional point of view holds that discrimination has mostly ended with the civil rights movement reforms of the 1960s, Alexander claims the U.S. criminal justice system uses the War on Drugs as a primary tool for enforcing traditional, as well as new, modes of discrimination and repression. These new modes of racism have led to not only the highest rate of incarceration in the world, but also an even greater imprisonment of African American men. Were present trends to continue, Alexander writes, the United States will imprison one-third of its African American population. When combined with the fact that whites are more likely to commit drug crimes than people of color, the issue becomes clear for Alexander: ""The primary targets of [the penal system's] control can be defined largely by race.""This, ultimately, leads Alexander to believe that mass incarceration is ""a stunningly comprehensive and well-disguised system of racialized social control that functions in a manner strikingly similar to Jim Crow."" The culmination of this social control is what Alexander calls a ""racial caste system,"" a type of stratification wherein African-Americans are kept in an inferior position. Its emergence, she believes, is a direct response to The Civil Rights Movement. It is because of this that Alexander argues for issues with mass incarceration to be addressed as issues of racial justice and civil rights. To approach these matters as anything but would be to fortify this new racial caste. Thus, Alexander aims to mobilize the civil rights community to move the incarceration issue to the forefront of its agenda and to provide factual information, data, arguments and a point of reference for those interested in pursuing the issue. Her broader goal is the revamping of the prevailing mentality regarding human rights, equality and equal opportunities in America, to prevent future cyclical recurrence of what she sees as ""racial control under changing disguise.""
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