Astronomy 2 Relativity and Gravitation
... - It relies on an objective classification – i.e. measurement-based classification - It is possible to classify every object by measuring the flux through standard filters. - Avoids ‘digitisation’ of the HR diagram, as classification not based on presence or absence of discrete features in spectrum. ...
... - It relies on an objective classification – i.e. measurement-based classification - It is possible to classify every object by measuring the flux through standard filters. - Avoids ‘digitisation’ of the HR diagram, as classification not based on presence or absence of discrete features in spectrum. ...
Document
... The Stars • Astronomy: study of objects in the heavens. • All stars send out energy, all are finite objects and therefore have finite stores of energy. • All stars have a beginning and an ending. ...
... The Stars • Astronomy: study of objects in the heavens. • All stars send out energy, all are finite objects and therefore have finite stores of energy. • All stars have a beginning and an ending. ...
Document
... There is no limit in principle to how much or how little mass a black hole can have. Any amount of mass at all can in principle be made to form a black hole if you compress it to a high enough density. We suspect that most of the black holes that are actually out there were produced in the deaths o ...
... There is no limit in principle to how much or how little mass a black hole can have. Any amount of mass at all can in principle be made to form a black hole if you compress it to a high enough density. We suspect that most of the black holes that are actually out there were produced in the deaths o ...
Report Sheet
... 37. Where did the carbon and oxygen in your body originally come from? ____________________________________ 38. What does the Law of Angular Momentum do to a White Dwarf? _____________________________________ 39. Why is Sirius B rotating slower than TYC-2-900-0? _____________________________________ ...
... 37. Where did the carbon and oxygen in your body originally come from? ____________________________________ 38. What does the Law of Angular Momentum do to a White Dwarf? _____________________________________ 39. Why is Sirius B rotating slower than TYC-2-900-0? _____________________________________ ...
parallax in arc seconds
... System. Proxima Centauri has the largest known stellar parallax at 0.76”. ...
... System. Proxima Centauri has the largest known stellar parallax at 0.76”. ...
Calculating_Main_Sequence_Lifetimes_StudentGuide
... ‘short’ period the stellar temperature decreases without a great change of luminosity. The star burns Hydrogen in shell (red giants) through the CNO cycle: as its radius increases so its luminosity raises. Helium flash: the star begins to burn Helium maintaining the combustion of Hydrogen in shells. ...
... ‘short’ period the stellar temperature decreases without a great change of luminosity. The star burns Hydrogen in shell (red giants) through the CNO cycle: as its radius increases so its luminosity raises. Helium flash: the star begins to burn Helium maintaining the combustion of Hydrogen in shells. ...
Active Galactic Nuclei - University of Toronto
... This illustration depicts a massive black hole at the center of a galaxy. Around it is a swirling disk of gas, which gradually pours down into the black hole. As the gas falls inward, it heats up and glows brightly, getting hotter and hotter the closer it is to the event horizon. Some of the gas is ...
... This illustration depicts a massive black hole at the center of a galaxy. Around it is a swirling disk of gas, which gradually pours down into the black hole. As the gas falls inward, it heats up and glows brightly, getting hotter and hotter the closer it is to the event horizon. Some of the gas is ...
Stellar Masses and the Main Sequence
... heat with it) or sink back to where it started? In other words, at location r + δr, is it denser or less dense than its new environment? Therefore, for convection to occur ...
... heat with it) or sink back to where it started? In other words, at location r + δr, is it denser or less dense than its new environment? Therefore, for convection to occur ...
The Life Cycles of Stars
... star that is 1.5 to 4 times as massive as our Sun ends up as a neutron star after the supernova. Neutron stars spin rapidly giving off radio waves. If the radio waves are emitted in pulses (due to the star’s spin), these neutron stars are called pulsars. The core of a massive star that has 8 or more ...
... star that is 1.5 to 4 times as massive as our Sun ends up as a neutron star after the supernova. Neutron stars spin rapidly giving off radio waves. If the radio waves are emitted in pulses (due to the star’s spin), these neutron stars are called pulsars. The core of a massive star that has 8 or more ...
Recap: High Mass Stars
... • Core is no longer fusing (iron is it!) • The balance of pressure loses and the entire star collapses • Massive explosion – Creates heavier elements ...
... • Core is no longer fusing (iron is it!) • The balance of pressure loses and the entire star collapses • Massive explosion – Creates heavier elements ...
Homework # 2, due 17 Feb
... 4. Do parts (a), (b) and (c) of problem 2.11. Without doing part (d), do you think the observable stars able in regions B and C would be more or less metal rich than what is actually in your model sky? 5. Consider hydrogen gas in the galactic plane. Assume the Sun is at a distance of R0 = 8 kpc from ...
... 4. Do parts (a), (b) and (c) of problem 2.11. Without doing part (d), do you think the observable stars able in regions B and C would be more or less metal rich than what is actually in your model sky? 5. Consider hydrogen gas in the galactic plane. Assume the Sun is at a distance of R0 = 8 kpc from ...
What have we learned?
... – Beams of radiation from a rotating neutron star sweep through space like lighthouse beams, making them appear to pulse. – Observations of these pulses were the first evidence for neutron stars. ...
... – Beams of radiation from a rotating neutron star sweep through space like lighthouse beams, making them appear to pulse. – Observations of these pulses were the first evidence for neutron stars. ...
ReviewQuestionsForClass
... How do size, temperature, and distance to a star affect its brightness? Which stars on the main sequence are the brightest? Hottest? Biggest? Bluest? Live the longest? What are the different astronomical objects? Comets, nebulae, main sequence stars, red giants, white dwarves, planetary nebulae, bin ...
... How do size, temperature, and distance to a star affect its brightness? Which stars on the main sequence are the brightest? Hottest? Biggest? Bluest? Live the longest? What are the different astronomical objects? Comets, nebulae, main sequence stars, red giants, white dwarves, planetary nebulae, bin ...
SOLUTIONS ASTROPHYSICS – OPTION D 2015-17
... b) State and explain the change in the luminosity of the Sun that occurs between positions S and I. ...
... b) State and explain the change in the luminosity of the Sun that occurs between positions S and I. ...
DOC - Cool Cosmos
... enough to ignite a nuclear explosion. This explosion supports the star against gravity and makes it shine. In our Sun's case, this stage will last for about ten billion years. But eventually, all the nuclear fuel inside the star (mostly hydrogen and helium) gets used up. After that, there's nothing ...
... enough to ignite a nuclear explosion. This explosion supports the star against gravity and makes it shine. In our Sun's case, this stage will last for about ten billion years. But eventually, all the nuclear fuel inside the star (mostly hydrogen and helium) gets used up. After that, there's nothing ...
Spectroscopy in stellar astrophysics
... Spectroscopy in Stellar Astrophysics Alberto Rebassa Mansergas ...
... Spectroscopy in Stellar Astrophysics Alberto Rebassa Mansergas ...
Homework 4 - UCLA Astronomy
... The pulsar is radiating energy (which we observe as radio waves). Since the total energy in the universe must be conserved, this radio energy must come from somewhere. In this case, it is taken out of the rotational kinetic energy of the pulsar: ...
... The pulsar is radiating energy (which we observe as radio waves). Since the total energy in the universe must be conserved, this radio energy must come from somewhere. In this case, it is taken out of the rotational kinetic energy of the pulsar: ...
ASTR101 Unit 10 Assessment Answer Key 1. Mass, luminosity, size
... from about 60 solar masses to about 1/12 solar mass, in luminosity from about 1,000,000 to 1/10,000 solar luminosities, in radius from about 1,000 to 1/10 solar radii, in surface temperature from about 35,000 to 3,000 K, and in age, from about 13 billion years to stars that are just now being born. ...
... from about 60 solar masses to about 1/12 solar mass, in luminosity from about 1,000,000 to 1/10,000 solar luminosities, in radius from about 1,000 to 1/10 solar radii, in surface temperature from about 35,000 to 3,000 K, and in age, from about 13 billion years to stars that are just now being born. ...
Stellar Evolution
... emitted) and it’s rotational axis are not exactly the same. This results in a “pulsing” look to the star from our perspective here on Earth. Atoms as Big as Mountains ...
... emitted) and it’s rotational axis are not exactly the same. This results in a “pulsing” look to the star from our perspective here on Earth. Atoms as Big as Mountains ...
Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) Diagram Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram March 16 −
... Model of the solar interior X How to read H-R Diagram Spectrum of black body: Hotter=>bluer Energy generation in the sun X ...
... Model of the solar interior X How to read H-R Diagram Spectrum of black body: Hotter=>bluer Energy generation in the sun X ...
eneb_form
... • There are two stars, star A and star B. Star A is approaching the Earth at 100 km/s and Star B is moving away from the Earth at 200 km/s. • Compare the Doppler shift for these two stars by explaining how the spectra will be shifted and by how much. (I am not looking for a number here, just a quali ...
... • There are two stars, star A and star B. Star A is approaching the Earth at 100 km/s and Star B is moving away from the Earth at 200 km/s. • Compare the Doppler shift for these two stars by explaining how the spectra will be shifted and by how much. (I am not looking for a number here, just a quali ...
Cygnus X-1
Cygnus X-1 (abbreviated Cyg X-1) is a well-known galactic X-ray source, thought to be a black hole, in the constellation Cygnus. It was discovered in 1964 during a rocket flight and is one of the strongest X-ray sources seen from Earth, producing a peak X-ray flux density of 6977229999999999999♠2.3×10−23 Wm−2 Hz−1 (7003230000000000000♠2.3×103 Jansky). Cygnus X-1 was the first X-ray source widely accepted to be a black hole and it remains among the most studied astronomical objects in its class. The compact object is now estimated to have a mass about 14.8 times the mass of the Sun and has been shown to be too small to be any known kind of normal star, or other likely object besides a black hole. If so, the radius of its event horizon is about 7004440000000000000♠44 km.Cygnus X-1 belongs to a high-mass X-ray binary system about 7019574266339685654♠6070 ly from the Sun that includes a blue supergiant variable star designated HDE 226868 which it orbits at about 0.2 AU, or 20% of the distance from the Earth to the Sun. A stellar wind from the star provides material for an accretion disk around the X-ray source. Matter in the inner disk is heated to millions of degrees, generating the observed X-rays. A pair of jets, arranged perpendicular to the disk, are carrying part of the energy of the infalling material away into interstellar space.This system may belong to a stellar association called Cygnus OB3, which would mean that Cygnus X-1 is about five million years old and formed from a progenitor star that had more than 7001400000000000000♠40 solar masses. The majority of the star's mass was shed, most likely as a stellar wind. If this star had then exploded as a supernova, the resulting force would most likely have ejected the remnant from the system. Hence the star may have instead collapsed directly into a black hole.Cygnus X-1 was the subject of a friendly scientific wager between physicists Stephen Hawking and Kip Thorne in 1975, with Hawking betting that it was not a black hole. He conceded the bet in 1990 after observational data had strengthened the case that there was indeed a black hole in the system. This hypothesis has not been confirmed due to a lack of direct observation but has generally been accepted from indirect evidence.