Outta This World - Kent School District
... Special effects happen on the earth because of our moon. One special effect is a tide; this is when the water on the beach pulls up because of the moons gravitational pull. Then the moon lets it go back down because it is so tired of holding it for so long. Think of when your little sibling or nephe ...
... Special effects happen on the earth because of our moon. One special effect is a tide; this is when the water on the beach pulls up because of the moons gravitational pull. Then the moon lets it go back down because it is so tired of holding it for so long. Think of when your little sibling or nephe ...
Wind Opacity Issues
... plot cross section and some plot the radius of optical depth unity, R1. R1 is very similar to tau_star for large tau_star values, and they both depend on mass-loss rate, stellar radius, and wind velocity, in addition to the atomic opacity. This is important for comparisons between stars and even bet ...
... plot cross section and some plot the radius of optical depth unity, R1. R1 is very similar to tau_star for large tau_star values, and they both depend on mass-loss rate, stellar radius, and wind velocity, in addition to the atomic opacity. This is important for comparisons between stars and even bet ...
updated
... The blue star in the center of the nebula is the hot carbon core. The green ring is the now ionized outer layers of the star being blown away from the core Structurally the star is schematically represented as follows: ...
... The blue star in the center of the nebula is the hot carbon core. The green ring is the now ionized outer layers of the star being blown away from the core Structurally the star is schematically represented as follows: ...
- Lorentz Center
... If cold (T<3x108 K or so) and ‘low’ accretion rate, ignition is from high densities.. which only occurs for massive white dwarfs.. ...
... If cold (T<3x108 K or so) and ‘low’ accretion rate, ignition is from high densities.. which only occurs for massive white dwarfs.. ...
epsilon Aur
... this cloud is thinner at its centre. What lies at its centre is a mystery. The more bizarre theories include a black hole, but more likely is the presence of a close binary star system. With technology having advanced considerably since the eclipse of 1982-84, it is hoped that observations over the ...
... this cloud is thinner at its centre. What lies at its centre is a mystery. The more bizarre theories include a black hole, but more likely is the presence of a close binary star system. With technology having advanced considerably since the eclipse of 1982-84, it is hoped that observations over the ...
Collapse of an unstable Neutron Star to a Black Hole
... star merger process a new supramassive or hypermassive neutron star is formed, which could be stable for longer times or collapse almost immediately to a black hole. During this process a short gamma ray burst is emitted, releasing in less than one second the energy emitted by our Galaxy over one ye ...
... star merger process a new supramassive or hypermassive neutron star is formed, which could be stable for longer times or collapse almost immediately to a black hole. During this process a short gamma ray burst is emitted, releasing in less than one second the energy emitted by our Galaxy over one ye ...
Stellar Physics 1
... A. A hot dense gas produces a continuous spectrum with no spectral lines. B. A hot diffuse gas produces bright spectral lines – an emission spectrum. C. A cool dense gas produces a continuous spectrum with no spectral lines. y D. A cool diffuse gas in front of a source of continuous spectrum produce ...
... A. A hot dense gas produces a continuous spectrum with no spectral lines. B. A hot diffuse gas produces bright spectral lines – an emission spectrum. C. A cool dense gas produces a continuous spectrum with no spectral lines. y D. A cool diffuse gas in front of a source of continuous spectrum produce ...
D1 Stellar quantities (PPT)
... ▪ Initially, most of the motions of the cloud particles were random, yet the nebula had a net rotation. As collapse proceeded, the rotation speed of the cloud gradually increased due to conservation of angular momentum. ▪ Gravitational collapse was much more efficient along the spin axis, so the rot ...
... ▪ Initially, most of the motions of the cloud particles were random, yet the nebula had a net rotation. As collapse proceeded, the rotation speed of the cloud gradually increased due to conservation of angular momentum. ▪ Gravitational collapse was much more efficient along the spin axis, so the rot ...
Black holes Notes
... • Neutron stars are very dense, spin rapidly, and have intense magnetic fields. • Neutron stars may appear as pulsars due to the lighthouse effect. • A neutron star in a close binary may become an X-ray burster or a millisecond pulsar. • Gamma-ray bursts are probably due to two neutron stars collidi ...
... • Neutron stars are very dense, spin rapidly, and have intense magnetic fields. • Neutron stars may appear as pulsars due to the lighthouse effect. • A neutron star in a close binary may become an X-ray burster or a millisecond pulsar. • Gamma-ray bursts are probably due to two neutron stars collidi ...
First Stars II
... The collapse velocity is slower. (why? the effect of rotation, initial condition, turbulence) ...
... The collapse velocity is slower. (why? the effect of rotation, initial condition, turbulence) ...
Study Guide for the Comprehensive Final Exam
... 5. Using a proportion, calculate how big an object would be given the model size of another object. e.g. “If the Earth were the size of a softball (diameter = 8 cm), how big would the Milky Way galaxy be?”. 6. Convert between m and km. 7. Work in scientific notation. 8. Identify astronomical numbers ...
... 5. Using a proportion, calculate how big an object would be given the model size of another object. e.g. “If the Earth were the size of a softball (diameter = 8 cm), how big would the Milky Way galaxy be?”. 6. Convert between m and km. 7. Work in scientific notation. 8. Identify astronomical numbers ...
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... • The thin disk: stars formed out of the thin gas disk, it gets gradually puffed up (thicker) due to dynamical effects • The thick disk: it could be a thin disk that was dynamically heated by minor mergers with other galaxies • The bulge: the original, self-enriched stellar population that formed ...
... • The thin disk: stars formed out of the thin gas disk, it gets gradually puffed up (thicker) due to dynamical effects • The thick disk: it could be a thin disk that was dynamically heated by minor mergers with other galaxies • The bulge: the original, self-enriched stellar population that formed ...
Giant “Pulsar” Studies with the Compact Array Abstract
... observations of the Sun. Indeed, various types of solar and stellar flares were shown by Güdel & Benz (1993) to all have the same ratio of X-ray to radio luminosities. Flares from stars besides our Sun, however, are many orders of magnitude more spectacular than those from the Sun: a recent X-ray fl ...
... observations of the Sun. Indeed, various types of solar and stellar flares were shown by Güdel & Benz (1993) to all have the same ratio of X-ray to radio luminosities. Flares from stars besides our Sun, however, are many orders of magnitude more spectacular than those from the Sun: a recent X-ray fl ...
The Pluto “Smackdown” and The “New” Solar System
... Planet formation is relevant after M(disk)/M(star) < 10-1-10-2, and T Tauri disks are observed to typically have M(disk)/M(star) ~ 10-3±1. ...
... Planet formation is relevant after M(disk)/M(star) < 10-1-10-2, and T Tauri disks are observed to typically have M(disk)/M(star) ~ 10-3±1. ...
Dynamics of nuclear burning during type-I X-ray bursts 1. 2. 3.
... periodic signals: burst oscillations •11 burst oscillation sources + 5 accreting pulsars (2 with burst oscillations): bimodal freq. distribution ...
... periodic signals: burst oscillations •11 burst oscillation sources + 5 accreting pulsars (2 with burst oscillations): bimodal freq. distribution ...
145KB - NZQA
... nuclear fusion) to form helium and release energy. Rigel’s time on the main sequence will be relatively short due to its massive initial mass and it will run out of its fuel quickly. As Rigel runs out of hydrogen as the fuel source, the star is massive enough to fuse the other elements of the period ...
... nuclear fusion) to form helium and release energy. Rigel’s time on the main sequence will be relatively short due to its massive initial mass and it will run out of its fuel quickly. As Rigel runs out of hydrogen as the fuel source, the star is massive enough to fuse the other elements of the period ...
91KB - NZQA
... nuclear fusion) to form helium and release energy. Rigel’s time on the main sequence will be relatively short due to its massive initial mass and it will run out of its fuel quickly. As Rigel runs out of hydrogen as the fuel source, the star is massive enough to fuse the other elements of the period ...
... nuclear fusion) to form helium and release energy. Rigel’s time on the main sequence will be relatively short due to its massive initial mass and it will run out of its fuel quickly. As Rigel runs out of hydrogen as the fuel source, the star is massive enough to fuse the other elements of the period ...
Lecture Eight (Powerpoint format) - Flash
... It is important to realize that these magnitude ratings reflect the apparent brightness of a star. Two stars of the same intrinsic brightness at two different distances will have two different magnitudes. If one also knows the distance to the star (not always the case!), then one can correct for ...
... It is important to realize that these magnitude ratings reflect the apparent brightness of a star. Two stars of the same intrinsic brightness at two different distances will have two different magnitudes. If one also knows the distance to the star (not always the case!), then one can correct for ...
Galaxy Evolution
... cooling more efficient. First stars only helped reionize small bubbles in the Universe (a large fraction was reionized after DM haloes grew to 107 Msun around z~10, so their virial temperatures reached 104K and they could cool through emission from atomic H.) ...
... cooling more efficient. First stars only helped reionize small bubbles in the Universe (a large fraction was reionized after DM haloes grew to 107 Msun around z~10, so their virial temperatures reached 104K and they could cool through emission from atomic H.) ...
Constellations - Sierra Star Gazers
... extent. In my 4” scope at 23x, I can view both M8 and M20 in the same field of view. Commonly known as the Trifid Nebula, close inspection will reveal several dark lanes that roughly split the glowing cloud into three major (some say four) portions. As with M8, OIII and Deep Sky filters work well he ...
... extent. In my 4” scope at 23x, I can view both M8 and M20 in the same field of view. Commonly known as the Trifid Nebula, close inspection will reveal several dark lanes that roughly split the glowing cloud into three major (some say four) portions. As with M8, OIII and Deep Sky filters work well he ...
Radial Stellar Pulsations
... Hence if the gas tends to gain entropy when it is compressed (at high temperature) and to lose it when expanded (at lower temperature), then the net work done is positive. In the Carnot engine described above, heat and entropy are gained or lost only when the gas is in contact with a heat bath. At t ...
... Hence if the gas tends to gain entropy when it is compressed (at high temperature) and to lose it when expanded (at lower temperature), then the net work done is positive. In the Carnot engine described above, heat and entropy are gained or lost only when the gas is in contact with a heat bath. At t ...
chapter 14 - Astronomy
... helium supply is exhausted, however, their internal structure is similar to that of Sun-like stars. Stellar Pulsations 1. During its evolution, a star continuously tries to remain in equilibrium. The changes ...
... helium supply is exhausted, however, their internal structure is similar to that of Sun-like stars. Stellar Pulsations 1. During its evolution, a star continuously tries to remain in equilibrium. The changes ...
STScI 2005
... • Stars with M>150 M can only be observed in clusters with total stellar mass >104 M. • This requirement limits the potential sample of stellar clusters that can constrain the upper mass limit to only a few in the Galaxy. ...
... • Stars with M>150 M can only be observed in clusters with total stellar mass >104 M. • This requirement limits the potential sample of stellar clusters that can constrain the upper mass limit to only a few in the Galaxy. ...
Cygnus X-1
Cygnus X-1 (abbreviated Cyg X-1) is a well-known galactic X-ray source, thought to be a black hole, in the constellation Cygnus. It was discovered in 1964 during a rocket flight and is one of the strongest X-ray sources seen from Earth, producing a peak X-ray flux density of 6977229999999999999♠2.3×10−23 Wm−2 Hz−1 (7003230000000000000♠2.3×103 Jansky). Cygnus X-1 was the first X-ray source widely accepted to be a black hole and it remains among the most studied astronomical objects in its class. The compact object is now estimated to have a mass about 14.8 times the mass of the Sun and has been shown to be too small to be any known kind of normal star, or other likely object besides a black hole. If so, the radius of its event horizon is about 7004440000000000000♠44 km.Cygnus X-1 belongs to a high-mass X-ray binary system about 7019574266339685654♠6070 ly from the Sun that includes a blue supergiant variable star designated HDE 226868 which it orbits at about 0.2 AU, or 20% of the distance from the Earth to the Sun. A stellar wind from the star provides material for an accretion disk around the X-ray source. Matter in the inner disk is heated to millions of degrees, generating the observed X-rays. A pair of jets, arranged perpendicular to the disk, are carrying part of the energy of the infalling material away into interstellar space.This system may belong to a stellar association called Cygnus OB3, which would mean that Cygnus X-1 is about five million years old and formed from a progenitor star that had more than 7001400000000000000♠40 solar masses. The majority of the star's mass was shed, most likely as a stellar wind. If this star had then exploded as a supernova, the resulting force would most likely have ejected the remnant from the system. Hence the star may have instead collapsed directly into a black hole.Cygnus X-1 was the subject of a friendly scientific wager between physicists Stephen Hawking and Kip Thorne in 1975, with Hawking betting that it was not a black hole. He conceded the bet in 1990 after observational data had strengthened the case that there was indeed a black hole in the system. This hypothesis has not been confirmed due to a lack of direct observation but has generally been accepted from indirect evidence.