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Jovian Planets
Jovian Planets

... • Formed from dust created in impacts on orbiting moons. • Not left over from planet formation-- the particles are too small to have survived this long. • Tiny particles are constantly ejected and must be continuously replaced. ...
Nemesis - The Evergreen State College
Nemesis - The Evergreen State College

... researcher that most, if not all, of the mass extinctions over the past 250-million years have been caused by comet and/or asteroid impacts. However, the theory of a brown dwarf is unlikely, my thesis incorrect. My mass calculations show the mass to be 1.72*1026 kg, far smaller than Jupiter and no w ...
AST1001.ch9
AST1001.ch9

... Why are there very few asteroids beyond Jupiter’s orbit? A. There was no rocky material beyond Jupiter’s orbit. B. The heaviest rocks sank toward the center of the solar system. C. Ice could form in the outer solar system. D. A passing star probably stripped away all of those asteroids, even if they ...
Exploring Exploring - MESSENGER Education
Exploring Exploring - MESSENGER Education

... (7 miles) below sea level. What was at the bottom of the Mariana Trench? In 1960, the famous French underwater explorer, Jacques Piccard, and U.S. Navy Lt. Donald Walsh descended in the U.S. Navy bathyscaphe (a type of deep-sea exploration vehicle) Trieste to find out. The water pressure at the bott ...
Planetary system formation in thermally evolving viscous
Planetary system formation in thermally evolving viscous

... Planetary orbital eccentricity can strongly influence Lindblad migration torques [25] and eccentricity/inclination damping rates of embedded planets [26]. In a recent study, Bitsch & Kley [18] showed that corotation torques decrease significantly with modest growth of eccentricity. We present here a b ...
Free floating planets
Free floating planets

... flux, will provide insight into the fundamentals of planetary formation, migration, and evolution. The transit method of planet detection is biased toward finding planets that orbit relatively close to their parent stars. This means that radial velocity follow-up will be possible for some planets as ...
IDENTIFYING THE ROTATION RATE AND THE PRESENCE OF
IDENTIFYING THE ROTATION RATE AND THE PRESENCE OF

... (e.g., the blue curve for the cloudy Earth has no significant amplitude at 12 hr) but rather is due to the distribution of continents and oceans on the Earth. For this data set, the difference in the amplitude between the local maxima at 12 hr and 24 hr would indicate that the peak at 24 hr correspo ...
Page 1 of 13 View Edit Map 12/4/2007 http://mapster.gstboces.org
Page 1 of 13 View Edit Map 12/4/2007 http://mapster.gstboces.org

... Percent Deviation Chapter 1-Skill Sheet 2: Exponential Notation Lab 1-2: Density of Fluids ...
Chapter7.2
Chapter7.2

... • Nearly identical in size to Earth; surface hidden by clouds • Hellish conditions due to an extreme greenhouse effect • Even hotter than Mercury: 470C, day and night © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
How did the solar system form?
How did the solar system form?

... • As the protostellar disk continued to contract, most of the matter ended up in the center of the disk. • Friction from matter that fell into the disk heated its center to millions of degrees, resulting in the fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms. • The process of fusion released large amount ...
Saturn - TeacherLINK
Saturn - TeacherLINK

... from a few micrometers to several tens of meters. Two of Saturn’s small moons orbit within gaps in the main rings. Saturn’s largest satellite, Titan, is a bit bigger than the planet Mercury. (Titan is the second-largest moon in the solar system; only Jupiter’s moon Ganymede is bigger.) Titan is shro ...
Lecture 6: Planet migration
Lecture 6: Planet migration

... calculate the torque on the planet. This procedure is decidedly non-trivial (as can be seen from the original papers), and subsequent work has refined the first results significantly. The key result, however, is easy to state: the total angular momentum exchange between disc and planet can be expres ...
Exploration Strategy for the Ice Dwarf Planets 2013-2022
Exploration Strategy for the Ice Dwarf Planets 2013-2022

... planets), convection, partial melting, and differentiation. Ongoing processes can produce diversity as well. Sun-driven loss of volatiles and photolysis are among the most obvious of these. Effects of dust and larger impactors call for a better understanding of the Kuiper belt environment. Proximity ...
PowerPoint
PowerPoint

... Mile-high cliffs (Discovery Scarp) Early shrinkage of crust  no geological activity at present Interior is solid to a significant depth Density comparable to Earth’s, but weak magnetic field - Iron core, few silicates in crust - Cataclysmic impact early in history? ...
Course Notes on Climate Change
Course Notes on Climate Change

... coming in, and so the temperature does not increase any more. The glass walls of the greenhouse therefore act like a radiation trap, producing a higher temperature inside than out. This trapping of radiation is often called the 'greenhouse effect', and it occurs also in cars and buildings that are e ...
Igneous Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Igneous
Igneous Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Igneous

... First order classification: based on average crystal size (termed texture). ...
Question 1 The rings of Saturn are seen by Answer 1. reflected and
Question 1 The rings of Saturn are seen by Answer 1. reflected and

... . 
 We have seen that electron degeneracy occurs when the carbon core of a white dwarf becomes dense enough. We have also seen that neutron degeneracy occurs when a neutron star becomes dense enough. Why do you suppose we do not find “proton degeneracy” in some density range between electron and ne ...
2011 Solar Walk Media Kit | Contents
2011 Solar Walk Media Kit | Contents

... System. Zoom in, zoom out, investigate it from different angles. Time Machine - you can observe not only the current position of planets in our Solar System but also learn their position at a definite period of time in the past or in the future. ...
ES_CH3_L1 - AFJROTC Ar/Ld 4
ES_CH3_L1 - AFJROTC Ar/Ld 4

... angular momentum an object will spin more slowly as resistance increases and spin faster as resistance decreases ...
Mystery Detectives_SpaceACedited
Mystery Detectives_SpaceACedited

... must breathe from air tanks because *F. there is too much oxygen on the surface of the moon.* *G. the moon has little or no atmosphere.* *H. the moon’s atmosphere is thicker than that on the Earth.* *J. the moon’s atmosphere has more carbon dioxide than the Earth’s.* ...
What is a planet? - X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group
What is a planet? - X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group

... massive, close-in planets • It is not yet sensitive to planets as small as Earth, even close-in • As orbital period increases, the method becomes insensitive to planets less massive than Jupiter • The length of time that the surveys have been active (since 1989) sets the upper orbital period limit – ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.

... any case the transition to giant would sterilise a planetary system. A range of masses, 0.5 to 1.5 times that of the Sun, and metallicities Z (mass proportion of elements other than hydrogen and helium) from 0.008 to 0.05, were modelled, 55 combinations in total. This created a framework of F, G, K ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... and other rocks in Montana Sedimentary rocks in Australia contain detrital zircons (ZrSiO4) dated at 4.2 billion years old – so continental source rocks at least that old existed during the Hadean ...
All About Saturn
All About Saturn

... with the wide, flat rings is the sixth planet from the sun and sits between Jupiter and Uranus. Recent exploratory missions to the planet have revealed many interesting features that will be of interest to scientists for years to come. Saturn is the second largest planet behind Jupiter with a fast r ...
Astronomy - False River Academy
Astronomy - False River Academy

... In this unit we will take a journey through space and time from the beginning to the end of the universe. Can you think of anything larger or more expansive than the universe? How was the universe created? How is the universe changing? What exactly is our universe made from? These are all questions ...
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Late Heavy Bombardment



The Late Heavy Bombardment (abbreviated LHB and also known as the lunar cataclysm) is a hypothetical event thought to have occurred approximately 4.1 to 3.8 billion years (Ga) ago, corresponding to the Neohadean and Eoarchean eras on Earth. During this interval, a disproportionately large number of asteroids apparently collided with the early terrestrial planets in the inner Solar System, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The LHB happened after the Earth and other rocky planets had formed and accreted most of their mass, but still quite early in Earth's history.Evidence for the LHB derives from lunar samples brought back by the Apollo astronauts. Isotopic dating of Moon rocks implies that most impact melts occurred in a rather narrow interval of time. Several hypotheses are now offered to explain the apparent spike in the flux of impactors (i.e. asteroids and comets) in the inner Solar System, but no consensus yet exists. The Nice model is popular among planetary scientists; it postulates that the gas giant planets underwent orbital migration and scattered objects in the asteroid and/or Kuiper belts into eccentric orbits, and thereby into the path of the terrestrial planets. Other researchers argue that the lunar sample data do not require a cataclysmic cratering event near 3.9 Ga, and that the apparent clustering of impact melt ages near this time is an artifact of sampling materials retrieved from a single large impact basin. They also note that the rate of impact cratering could be significantly different between the outer and inner zones of the Solar System.
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