Saturnian Ring System
... Orbital resonances greatly enhance the mutual gravitaAonal influence of the bodies (i.e., their ability to alter or constrain each other’s orbits). In most cases, this results in an unstable interacAon in ...
... Orbital resonances greatly enhance the mutual gravitaAonal influence of the bodies (i.e., their ability to alter or constrain each other’s orbits). In most cases, this results in an unstable interacAon in ...
The escape of planetary atmospheres
... early terrestrial planets may have had more hydrogen-rich atmospheres for some tens to hundreds of millions of years after they formed. Chemical reactions of water with iron likely generated hydrogen as these planets partitioned into core, mantle and crust. Later, steam generated by giant impacts in ...
... early terrestrial planets may have had more hydrogen-rich atmospheres for some tens to hundreds of millions of years after they formed. Chemical reactions of water with iron likely generated hydrogen as these planets partitioned into core, mantle and crust. Later, steam generated by giant impacts in ...
Chapter 2: The Copernican Revolution
... and shrinks), the boundary between the lit and dark portions of the lunar surface is not a clean arc, but rough and jagged. (See Galileo’s sketches below.) Galileo inferred that the lunar surface is not perfectly smooth, as Aristotle taught, but rather very bumpy, with mountains, valleys and cra ...
... and shrinks), the boundary between the lit and dark portions of the lunar surface is not a clean arc, but rough and jagged. (See Galileo’s sketches below.) Galileo inferred that the lunar surface is not perfectly smooth, as Aristotle taught, but rather very bumpy, with mountains, valleys and cra ...
Lunar exploration: opening a window into the history and evolution
... The modern scientific investigation of the Moon as a planetary body began with Galileo’s first telescopic observations in 1609 [15], and telescopic observations of the near-side have continued ever since [16]. However, the bulk of our knowledge of lunar geological evolution, and its implications for ...
... The modern scientific investigation of the Moon as a planetary body began with Galileo’s first telescopic observations in 1609 [15], and telescopic observations of the near-side have continued ever since [16]. However, the bulk of our knowledge of lunar geological evolution, and its implications for ...
k12concepts-april2015 - Great Lakes Planetarium Association
... Sun’s apparent daily path and the amount of energy that a localized region on Earth receives thus causing temperatures to rise or fall with each season. 3. Our planet Earth has certain characteristics that make life possible. 4. The Solar System, including one average-size star (the Sun) and our pla ...
... Sun’s apparent daily path and the amount of energy that a localized region on Earth receives thus causing temperatures to rise or fall with each season. 3. Our planet Earth has certain characteristics that make life possible. 4. The Solar System, including one average-size star (the Sun) and our pla ...
Astro-Lecture-Ch09 - Physics and Astronomy
... • We see atmospheres (some very cloudy, some not), not surfaces. • They are less dense than the terrestrial planets— in fact, Saturn would float in a large enough vat of water. • Jupiter’s chemistry is like the Sun: mostly hydrogen and helium. • Saturn has some more massive elements; Uranus and Nept ...
... • We see atmospheres (some very cloudy, some not), not surfaces. • They are less dense than the terrestrial planets— in fact, Saturn would float in a large enough vat of water. • Jupiter’s chemistry is like the Sun: mostly hydrogen and helium. • Saturn has some more massive elements; Uranus and Nept ...
Interpreting the Cardinal Signs
... The first step in reading a horoscope is to familiarize oneself with the intrinsic nature of the signs, houses, planets, and the aspects. This will form the subject of the present and several future articles. The student is urged to thoroughly memorize our different classifications, for when reading ...
... The first step in reading a horoscope is to familiarize oneself with the intrinsic nature of the signs, houses, planets, and the aspects. This will form the subject of the present and several future articles. The student is urged to thoroughly memorize our different classifications, for when reading ...
Sample
... linked to distance from the Sun, ask how seasons differ between the two hemispheres. They should then see for themselves that it can’t be distance from the Sun, or seasons would be the same globally rather than opposite in the two hemispheres. • As a follow-up on the above note: Some students get co ...
... linked to distance from the Sun, ask how seasons differ between the two hemispheres. They should then see for themselves that it can’t be distance from the Sun, or seasons would be the same globally rather than opposite in the two hemispheres. • As a follow-up on the above note: Some students get co ...
Tides Supplement
... motions of the solid earth—to the much simpler equilibrium tide. – Most locations experience a mixed tidal pattern, in which both semidiurnal and diurnal tides are strong. In some locations, for instance parts of the Gulf of Mexico, diurnal tides dominate, while in others, for instance the US Atlant ...
... motions of the solid earth—to the much simpler equilibrium tide. – Most locations experience a mixed tidal pattern, in which both semidiurnal and diurnal tides are strong. In some locations, for instance parts of the Gulf of Mexico, diurnal tides dominate, while in others, for instance the US Atlant ...
EASTERN ARIZONA COLLEGE Lab - Introduction to Astronomy
... learner can distinguish the differences and similarities among the planets and satellites in our solar system ...
... learner can distinguish the differences and similarities among the planets and satellites in our solar system ...
Chapter 13 Power Point Lecture
... Jupiter-like planets should not form inside the frost line (at << 5 AU). • The discovery of hot Jupiters has forced reexamination of nebular theory. • Planetary migration or gravitational encounters may explain hot Jupiters. ...
... Jupiter-like planets should not form inside the frost line (at << 5 AU). • The discovery of hot Jupiters has forced reexamination of nebular theory. • Planetary migration or gravitational encounters may explain hot Jupiters. ...
No Slide Title
... • describe the formation of the extra-solar planets: • Planets form from dust which agglomerates into cores which then accrete gas from a disc. • A gravitational instability in a protostellar disc creates a number of giant planets. • Both models have trouble reproducing both the observed distributio ...
... • describe the formation of the extra-solar planets: • Planets form from dust which agglomerates into cores which then accrete gas from a disc. • A gravitational instability in a protostellar disc creates a number of giant planets. • Both models have trouble reproducing both the observed distributio ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... Later, seismic discontinuities were discovered just above the top of the core, in the mantle at a depth of 660 km, and several more above that depth. Discontinuities, i.e., boundaries where earthquake waves impinging at an angle change speed and direction, can in principle be caused either by (1) ch ...
... Later, seismic discontinuities were discovered just above the top of the core, in the mantle at a depth of 660 km, and several more above that depth. Discontinuities, i.e., boundaries where earthquake waves impinging at an angle change speed and direction, can in principle be caused either by (1) ch ...
Document
... shape, it was also heating up. As planetesimals continued to collide with the Earth, the energy of their motion heated the planet. • Radioactive material, which was present in the Earth as it formed, also heated the young planet. ...
... shape, it was also heating up. As planetesimals continued to collide with the Earth, the energy of their motion heated the planet. • Radioactive material, which was present in the Earth as it formed, also heated the young planet. ...
Document
... Still, Pluto is one of the largest of the Kuiper belt objects, so much larger than most of the others that it is covered with frost. Triton may have initially been a similar object, subsequently captured by Neptune. A Kuiper-belt object larger than Pluto’s moon Charon was found in 2001, about half o ...
... Still, Pluto is one of the largest of the Kuiper belt objects, so much larger than most of the others that it is covered with frost. Triton may have initially been a similar object, subsequently captured by Neptune. A Kuiper-belt object larger than Pluto’s moon Charon was found in 2001, about half o ...
The Space Files: The Inner Solar System
... capabilities, and to integrate classroom experiences and assimilation ...
... capabilities, and to integrate classroom experiences and assimilation ...
Into the Solar System-Mars
... Earth’s, so the energy needed to do this is much reduced. Could we make Mars more like Earth? A more ambitious plan for colonizing Mars involves melting the reserves of ice that some scientists believe lie trapped below the surface. In time, this water would evaporate into the atmosphere, making it ...
... Earth’s, so the energy needed to do this is much reduced. Could we make Mars more like Earth? A more ambitious plan for colonizing Mars involves melting the reserves of ice that some scientists believe lie trapped below the surface. In time, this water would evaporate into the atmosphere, making it ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... Eratosthenes knew that on the summer solstice at local noon in the Egyptian city of Syene, the modern Aswan on the Tropic of Cancer, the sun would be at the Zenith. That is, there is no shadow cast by the gnomon of a sun dial, at noon on the day of the solstice. He also knew that in Alexandria, at ...
... Eratosthenes knew that on the summer solstice at local noon in the Egyptian city of Syene, the modern Aswan on the Tropic of Cancer, the sun would be at the Zenith. That is, there is no shadow cast by the gnomon of a sun dial, at noon on the day of the solstice. He also knew that in Alexandria, at ...
On disc driven inward migration of resonantly coupled planets with
... leads to the orbital separation of the planets being slightly larger than that required for a strict 2:1 commensurability without considering the history in detail as it is beyond the scope of this paper. However, we comment that this might have been complicated with the planet masses varying with t ...
... leads to the orbital separation of the planets being slightly larger than that required for a strict 2:1 commensurability without considering the history in detail as it is beyond the scope of this paper. However, we comment that this might have been complicated with the planet masses varying with t ...
Catching Planets in Formation with GMT
... What sets the stellar/substellar mass function and how universal is it? Do all stars form planets and if not, why not? What causes the diversity of planetary systems? ...
... What sets the stellar/substellar mass function and how universal is it? Do all stars form planets and if not, why not? What causes the diversity of planetary systems? ...
The Cosmic Perspective Other Planetary Systems: The New Science
... • The nebular theory predicts that massive Jupiterlike planets should not form inside the frost line (at << 5 AU). • The discovery of hot Jupiters has forced reexamination of nebular theory. • Planetary migration or gravitational encounters may explain hot Jupiters. ...
... • The nebular theory predicts that massive Jupiterlike planets should not form inside the frost line (at << 5 AU). • The discovery of hot Jupiters has forced reexamination of nebular theory. • Planetary migration or gravitational encounters may explain hot Jupiters. ...
Precambrian geology and the Bible: a harmony
... Radiometric dating2 of a zircon grain from the Jack Hills area of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia has yielded the date of 4.4 Ga. Analysis suggested that the early Earth, instead of being a boiling ocean of magma, was cool enough to have water, continents and exhibited conditions that could ha ...
... Radiometric dating2 of a zircon grain from the Jack Hills area of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia has yielded the date of 4.4 Ga. Analysis suggested that the early Earth, instead of being a boiling ocean of magma, was cool enough to have water, continents and exhibited conditions that could ha ...
EARTH SCIENCE 2016 FINAL - Mount Vernon City School District
... Understand that scientists are searching for - The terrestrial planets are small, invisible mass that will explain continued rocky, and dense. The Jovian planets expansion, implosion (Big Crunch), or oscillation are large, gaseous, and of low density. of the universe. 1.2d Asteroids, comets, and met ...
... Understand that scientists are searching for - The terrestrial planets are small, invisible mass that will explain continued rocky, and dense. The Jovian planets expansion, implosion (Big Crunch), or oscillation are large, gaseous, and of low density. of the universe. 1.2d Asteroids, comets, and met ...
K-12 Curriculum Information
... Sun’s apparent daily path and the amount of energy that a localized region on Earth receives thus causing temperatures to rise or fall with each season. 3. Our planet Earth has certain characteristics that make life possible. 4. The Solar System, including one average-size star (the Sun) and our pla ...
... Sun’s apparent daily path and the amount of energy that a localized region on Earth receives thus causing temperatures to rise or fall with each season. 3. Our planet Earth has certain characteristics that make life possible. 4. The Solar System, including one average-size star (the Sun) and our pla ...
Late Heavy Bombardment
The Late Heavy Bombardment (abbreviated LHB and also known as the lunar cataclysm) is a hypothetical event thought to have occurred approximately 4.1 to 3.8 billion years (Ga) ago, corresponding to the Neohadean and Eoarchean eras on Earth. During this interval, a disproportionately large number of asteroids apparently collided with the early terrestrial planets in the inner Solar System, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The LHB happened after the Earth and other rocky planets had formed and accreted most of their mass, but still quite early in Earth's history.Evidence for the LHB derives from lunar samples brought back by the Apollo astronauts. Isotopic dating of Moon rocks implies that most impact melts occurred in a rather narrow interval of time. Several hypotheses are now offered to explain the apparent spike in the flux of impactors (i.e. asteroids and comets) in the inner Solar System, but no consensus yet exists. The Nice model is popular among planetary scientists; it postulates that the gas giant planets underwent orbital migration and scattered objects in the asteroid and/or Kuiper belts into eccentric orbits, and thereby into the path of the terrestrial planets. Other researchers argue that the lunar sample data do not require a cataclysmic cratering event near 3.9 Ga, and that the apparent clustering of impact melt ages near this time is an artifact of sampling materials retrieved from a single large impact basin. They also note that the rate of impact cratering could be significantly different between the outer and inner zones of the Solar System.