Sigma Delta A/D converters
... • Theory and math applicable exactly: quantization error is replaced by truncation error • Interpolation filter instead of sampler to raise sample rate • Analog part: A 1 bit D/A followed by one or more filters – Harder to build than A/D counterparts (!!) (analog part has no feedback loop to take ad ...
... • Theory and math applicable exactly: quantization error is replaced by truncation error • Interpolation filter instead of sampler to raise sample rate • Analog part: A 1 bit D/A followed by one or more filters – Harder to build than A/D counterparts (!!) (analog part has no feedback loop to take ad ...
Bias of mean value and mean square value measurements based
... general expressions of the deviations of the moments from Sheppard's. corrections are derived. Approximate upper and lower bounds'of the bias are given for the measurement of first- and second-order moments of sinusoidal, uniformly distributed, and Gaussian signals. It is shown that because of the u ...
... general expressions of the deviations of the moments from Sheppard's. corrections are derived. Approximate upper and lower bounds'of the bias are given for the measurement of first- and second-order moments of sinusoidal, uniformly distributed, and Gaussian signals. It is shown that because of the u ...
Chapter 4
... □ Good voice reproduction □ PCM - 128 levels (7 bit) □ Voice bandwidth 4khz □ Should be 8000 x 7 = 56kbps for PCM □ Data compression can improve on this □ e.g. Interframe coding techniques for video ...
... □ Good voice reproduction □ PCM - 128 levels (7 bit) □ Voice bandwidth 4khz □ Should be 8000 x 7 = 56kbps for PCM □ Data compression can improve on this □ e.g. Interframe coding techniques for video ...
4.2 Digital Transmission
... □ Due to the input analog signal amplitude changes faster than the speed of the modulator □ to minimize : the product of the sampling step size and the sampling rate must be equal to or larger than the rate of change of the amplitude of the input analog signal. ...
... □ Due to the input analog signal amplitude changes faster than the speed of the modulator □ to minimize : the product of the sampling step size and the sampling rate must be equal to or larger than the rate of change of the amplitude of the input analog signal. ...
syed azeem ahmed
... resulting quantization error in a 9-bit system. As is evident from Figures 8.16, 8.17 and 8.18, the greater the number of bits that we have available to describe the instantaneous signal level, the lower the apparent level of the quantization error. I use the word ``apparent'' here in a strange way ...
... resulting quantization error in a 9-bit system. As is evident from Figures 8.16, 8.17 and 8.18, the greater the number of bits that we have available to describe the instantaneous signal level, the lower the apparent level of the quantization error. I use the word ``apparent'' here in a strange way ...
4.2 Digital Transmission
... □ Converted to discrete-time continuous-amplitude signal (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) □ Pulses are quantized and assigned a digital value. □ A 7-bit sample allows 128 quantizing levels. □ PCM uses non-linear encoding, i.e., amplitude spacing of levels is nonlinear □ There is a greater number of quan ...
... □ Converted to discrete-time continuous-amplitude signal (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) □ Pulses are quantized and assigned a digital value. □ A 7-bit sample allows 128 quantizing levels. □ PCM uses non-linear encoding, i.e., amplitude spacing of levels is nonlinear □ There is a greater number of quan ...
Chapter 4_part 3
... sample value and its predicted value (predicted value is based on previous sample or samples) is quantized and then encoded forming a digital value. DPCM code words represent differences between samples unlike PCM where code words represented a sample value. ...
... sample value and its predicted value (predicted value is based on previous sample or samples) is quantized and then encoded forming a digital value. DPCM code words represent differences between samples unlike PCM where code words represented a sample value. ...
2.1. Sampling and quantization
... order to create an image which is digital, we need to convert continuous data into digital form. There are two steps in which it is done: ...
... order to create an image which is digital, we need to convert continuous data into digital form. There are two steps in which it is done: ...
Digital Representation of Audio Information
... distractions because they are highly correlated with the original sound source. The use of absorbers and diffusers on reflective surfaces can cut down the reverberation effects in rooms. The model for a signal received at a point in space from many reflections is given as: ...
... distractions because they are highly correlated with the original sound source. The use of absorbers and diffusers on reflective surfaces can cut down the reverberation effects in rooms. The model for a signal received at a point in space from many reflections is given as: ...
A/D and D/A - University of Detroit Mercy
... • In practice about 5-10 times frequency of the signal is used. ...
... • In practice about 5-10 times frequency of the signal is used. ...
Quantization - s3.amazonaws.com
... • Audio signals are typically continuous-time and continuous-amplitude in nature • Sampling allows for a discrete-time representation of audio signals • Amplitude quantization is also needed to complete the digitization process • Quantization determines how much distortion is presented in the digita ...
... • Audio signals are typically continuous-time and continuous-amplitude in nature • Sampling allows for a discrete-time representation of audio signals • Amplitude quantization is also needed to complete the digitization process • Quantization determines how much distortion is presented in the digita ...
Slide 1
... If we oversample by a factor M=4, we need one less bit to achieve a desired accuracy in representing a signal. (i.e. M = 4(no of bits reduced)). ...
... If we oversample by a factor M=4, we need one less bit to achieve a desired accuracy in representing a signal. (i.e. M = 4(no of bits reduced)). ...
Lecture 7
... PCM is the most common technique used today in Digital Communications for representing an analog signal by a digital word. PCM is a technique for converting analog signals into a digital representation ...
... PCM is the most common technique used today in Digital Communications for representing an analog signal by a digital word. PCM is a technique for converting analog signals into a digital representation ...
Lesson 11
... process of analog to digital conversion primarily involves three operations: (a) Sampling of x (t), (b) Quantization (i.e. approximation) of the discrete time samples, x (kTs) and (c) Suitable encoding of the quantized time samples xq (kTs). Ts indicates the sampling interval where Rs = 1/Ts is the ...
... process of analog to digital conversion primarily involves three operations: (a) Sampling of x (t), (b) Quantization (i.e. approximation) of the discrete time samples, x (kTs) and (c) Suitable encoding of the quantized time samples xq (kTs). Ts indicates the sampling interval where Rs = 1/Ts is the ...
Quantization (signal processing)
Quantization, in mathematics and digital signal processing, is the process of mapping a large set of input values to a (countable) smaller set. Rounding and truncation are typical examples of quantization processes. Quantization is involved to some degree in nearly all digital signal processing, as the process of representing a signal in digital form ordinarily involves rounding. Quantization also forms the core of essentially all lossy compression algorithms. The difference between an input value and its quantized value (such as round-off error) is referred to as quantization error. A device or algorithmic function that performs quantization is called a quantizer. An analog-to-digital converter is an example of a quantizer.