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Solid Tumour Section Esophagus: Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma
Solid Tumour Section Esophagus: Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma

Missouri Western State University
Missouri Western State University

... – Hin recombinase inducible expression cassette – HixC sites bracketing each pancake – RE may be needed ...
The Drosophila pipsqueak gene encodes a nuclear BTB
The Drosophila pipsqueak gene encodes a nuclear BTB

... for germ cell determination and for the generation of embryonic abdominal segments are localized to the posterior pole of the oocyte (reviewed by St. Johnston, 1993). The localization of the germ cell determinant(s) and the mRNA encoding Nanos, the posterior morphogen, is accomplished by a common me ...
Phylogenetic Relationships between the Western Aster Yellows
Phylogenetic Relationships between the Western Aster Yellows

... the closely spaced 16s and 23s rRNA genes are separated from the 5s rRNA gene, which is more than 4 kb downstream (52). In the SAY-MLO rRNA operon, the 23s rRNA gene follows the 16s rRNA gene, and the two are separated by an AT-rich spacer region which is about 243 bp long. The 6.7-kb EcoRI fragment ...
Regulation of Ovule Development
Regulation of Ovule Development

... development, as shown by double mutant analysis with LEUNIG (LUG), a putative transcriptional corepressor (Conner and Liu, 2000). lug and ant mutants both have weak effects on marginal tissue formation, but double mutants show a strong synergistic phenotype: total loss of septum, placentas, and ovul ...
Isolation and characterization of an RNA that binds with high affinity
Isolation and characterization of an RNA that binds with high affinity

... from the CMV early promoter was greatly reduced by the addition of 100 pmole of authentic TAR RNA (lanes 3 and 4). Quantification of the results of four independent transcription experiments in the presence of TAR RNA revealed that transcription was inhibited by 60-70% (F i g . 4B). By contrast, aft ...
Visualizations of Microarray Data in Partek Genomics Suite 6.6
Visualizations of Microarray Data in Partek Genomics Suite 6.6

... will not select single genes, but all the genes in a region delimited by cutoff lines Although p-value was used to color the plot, the horizontal cut-off value will not match the default coloring scheme, i.e., some non-significant genes will be colored by a shade indistinguishable from the ones used ...
Muscle pattern diversification in Drosophila: the story of
Muscle pattern diversification in Drosophila: the story of

... muscles that serve as substrates for the formation of the DLMs (Fig. 2A).(26) Subsequently, each larval muscle splits into two templates, and continued fusion of imaginal myoblasts with these templates results in the elaboration of the final pattern of six DLM fibres observed in the adult (Fig. 2B). ...
The Structural, Biochemical, and Genetic Characterization of a New
The Structural, Biochemical, and Genetic Characterization of a New

... A variegated leaf mutant in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has been identified and characterized. E25-10 was derived by exposure of seeds of the “Williams’ 82” cultivar to γ-radiation. In this mutant, yellow leaf sectors contain defective chloroplasts, in which the thylakoid membranes are presente ...
Unit 3 Solutions - Manning`s Science
Unit 3 Solutions - Manning`s Science

... have an enormous number of base pairs in its genome and very few genes if the bulk of its genome consists of non-coding DNA. b. Comparing the genomes of the two organisms would show what genes they have in common, and would indicate their evolutionary relationship—how closely or distantly related t ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... (Choe et al., 1999). This suggests that BR can initiate vascular tissue specification and/or regulate the balance between xylem and phloem cell number in the vascular bundles (Kuriyama and Fukuda, 2001). Despite the importance of vascular tissue for plant development, our understanding of the proces ...
A Fine Physical Map of Arabidopsis thaliana Chromosome 5
A Fine Physical Map of Arabidopsis thaliana Chromosome 5

... A fine physical map of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5 was constructed by ordering the clones from YAC, PI, TAC and BAC libraries of the genome using the sequences of a variety of genetic and EST markers and terminal sequences of clones. The markers used were 88 genetic markers, 13 EST markers, 87 ...
mRNA Export - e
mRNA Export - e

... The TREX complex contains THO and 2 mRNA export factors • Human TREX contains Aly/REF, UAP56, and the human counterpart of the yeast THO complex. The human THO complex only associates with spliced mRNA and not with unspliced pre-mRNA. • Recent data indicate that recruitment of the human TREX comple ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... Inheritance of Genes • Genes are the units of heredity, and are made up of segments of DNA • Genes are passed to the next generation via reproductive cells called gametes (sperm and eggs) • Each gene has a specific location called a locus on a certain chromosome • Most DNA is packaged into chromoso ...
The Arabidopsis BET Bromodomain Factor GTE4
The Arabidopsis BET Bromodomain Factor GTE4

... Bromodomain and Extra Terminal domain (BET) proteins are characterized by the presence of two types of domains, the bromodomain and the extra terminal domain. They bind to acetylated lysines present on histone tails and control gene transcription. They are also well known to play an important role i ...
Analysis of Genetic Toggle Switch Systems Encoded on Plasmids
Analysis of Genetic Toggle Switch Systems Encoded on Plasmids

Real time PCR based determination of gene copy numbers in
Real time PCR based determination of gene copy numbers in

... Nevertheless, recent studies reported even higher expression rates when the target gene was under the control of deletion variants of the AOX1 promoter [3] or in some cases also with the constitutive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (PGAP) [4]. Depending on the target gene, high cop ...
Gene interactions in the evolution of genomic imprinting
Gene interactions in the evolution of genomic imprinting

... allele is irrelevant and therefore cannot interact with the expressed allele). On this basis, imprinted expression can be favoured at underdominant loci and loci where a deleterious allele shows some degree of dominance over the beneficial allele. With underdominance, imprinting effectively removes ...
Amino acid and codon usage profiles: Adaptive changes in the
Amino acid and codon usage profiles: Adaptive changes in the

... patterns for the comparisons of species in the same environments; whereas, codon usage profiles differ for each genome-pair. Besides, codon usage profiles show drastic variations among the genes of a single study as well; however, a significant overlap between the genes' cellular functions and their ...
Genetic Control of Seed Shattering in Rice by the
Genetic Control of Seed Shattering in Rice by the

... Whitelaw, 2001). Understanding how the process of abscission is regulated in model crops would benefit agriculture. Previous studies of rice (Oryza sativa) have identified a few of the factors involved in seed shattering. SH4 is a member of the trihelix family of transcription factors and promotes h ...
Unit 30C Cell Division, Genetics, and Molecular
Unit 30C Cell Division, Genetics, and Molecular

... Cell Division, Genetics, and Molecular Biology Cancer is a broad group of diseases associated with the uncontrolled, unregulated growth of cells. Much more active than normal cells, cancer cells divide at rates that far exceed those of the parent cells from which they arose. Cancer cells also do not ...
Origin and Distribution of Calvin Cycle Fructose and
Origin and Distribution of Calvin Cycle Fructose and

... another "red" gene in Bigelowiella has previously been reported for plastid phosphoribulokinase (PRK; Petersen et al. 2006). Furthermore, an ancient gene duplication in rhodophytes led to an additional SBP copy only found in the Cyanidiales (Cyanidioschyzon [B] plus Galdieria [B]). From within the r ...
Misregulation of pre-mRNA splicing that causes human diseases
Misregulation of pre-mRNA splicing that causes human diseases

... diseases are caused by mutations in sequences that regulate pre-mRNA processing. Their molecular characterization indicates that contributions of pre-mRNA splicing defects to human diseases have been underestimated and could account for pleiotropic phenotypes. The understanding o f the molecular mec ...
The Role of Six1 in the Genesis of Muscle Cell and Skeletal Muscle
The Role of Six1 in the Genesis of Muscle Cell and Skeletal Muscle

... progenitors, the homeobox factor Msx1 acts as an antagonist of Pax3 by interfering with DNA binding by Pax3 [54], and Six1 transcriptional complexes are likely to be upstream positive regulators of Pax3 (Figure 1B). For the determination, proliferation, and differentiation of the muscle lineage (Fig ...
8 VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AND NUMBER
8 VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AND NUMBER

... Deletions and duplications are changes in the total amount of genetic material within a single chromosome. In Figure 8.2, human chromosomes are labeled according to their normal G-banding patterns. When a deletion occurs, a segment of chromosomal material is missing. In other words, the affected chr ...
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Epigenetics of human development

Development before birth, including gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and fetal development, is the process of body development from the gametes are formed to eventually combine into a zygote to when the fully developed organism exits the uterus. Epigenetic processes are vital to fetal development due to the need to differentiate from a single cell to a variety of cell types that are arranged in such a way to produce cohesive tissues, organs, and systems.Epigenetic modifications such as methylation of CpGs (a dinucleotide composed of a 2'-deoxycytosine and a 2' deoxyguanosine) and histone tail modifications allow activation or repression of certain genes within a cell, in order to create cell memory either in favor of using a gene or not using a gene. These modifications can either originate from the parental DNA, or can be added to the gene by various proteins and can contribute to differentiation. Processes that alter the epigenetic profile of a gene include production of activating or repressing protein complexes, usage of non-coding RNAs to guide proteins capable of modification, and the proliferation of a signal by having protein complexes attract either another protein complex or more DNA in order to modify other locations in the gene.
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