• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
What Types of Financial Market Structures Exist
What Types of Financial Market Structures Exist

... the market is a public market consisting of a number of dealers spread across a region, a country, or indeed the world, who make the market in some type of asset. That is, the dealers themselves post bid and asked prices for this asset and then stand ready to buy or sell units of this asset with any ...
The Intelligent Hedge Fund
The Intelligent Hedge Fund

...  Tireless (can trade 24h/day, 7 days/week, with no breaks or vacation time)  Emotionless (not affected by fear or greed)  More reliable (no rough traders, no fraud)  Faster (making decisions and opening trades) ...
Alan Hull`s tutorials in technical analysis Pattern Recognition
Alan Hull`s tutorials in technical analysis Pattern Recognition

... These tutorials will introduce you to the basics of technical analysis. Whilst investors may or may not use charting as part of their decision making process, a basic understanding of it is an advantage. ...
Weekly Commentary July 9, 2012
Weekly Commentary July 9, 2012

... * The Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500) is an unmanaged group of securities considered to be representative of the stock market in general. * The DJ Global ex US is an unmanaged group of non-U.S. securities designed to reflect the performance of the global equity securities that have readily available ...
Stocks and the Stock Market
Stocks and the Stock Market

... 1. Dividends- the money return a stockholder receives on the amount he or she originally invested in the company Paid only when a company makes a profit 2. Sell the stock You make money by selling it for more than what you paid for it You buy stock hoping that the price will increase so they can sel ...
extended hours trading disclosure
extended hours trading disclosure

... Risk of Wider Spreads:  The spread refers to the difference in price between what you can buy a security  for  and  what  you  can  sell  it  for.    Lower  liquidity  and  higher  volatility  in  extended  hours  trading  may  result in wider than normal spreads for a particular security.  ...
Investments & the Stock Market PowerPoint
Investments & the Stock Market PowerPoint

... Bonds—loans made by the investor to the issuer; the investor is repaid with interest ...
FAQ Power Exchange - Tata Power Trading Company Ltd.
FAQ Power Exchange - Tata Power Trading Company Ltd.

... All purchase bids and sale offers are aggregated in the unconstrained scenario. The aggregate supply and demand curves are drawn on Price-Quantity axes. The intersection point of the two curves gives Market Clearing Price (MCP) and Market Clearing Volume (MCV) corresponding to price and quantity of ...
Securities Regulation
Securities Regulation

... material information ...
2.03-PowerPoint
2.03-PowerPoint

... Bonds—loans made by the investor to the issuer; the investor is repaid with interest ...
chapter 11 - rooseveltbusinessweeks
chapter 11 - rooseveltbusinessweeks

... Price Strategy Options • Basic – cost-based – demand-based – competition-based ...
85 reasons why investors avoided the stock market:Layout 1.qxd
85 reasons why investors avoided the stock market:Layout 1.qxd

... Meanwhile, the S&P 500® Index had an annualized total return of 9.62% for the period 1/1/26 - 12/31/10).1 Hypothetically, if you had invested a lump sum of $1,000 in common stocks at the beginning of 1926, as represented by the S&P 500® Index, your investment would have been worth $2,961,652 on 12/3 ...
Stock Markets
Stock Markets

... The goal of this course is o provide an introduction into stock market trade and to analyze the role of securities trade for the broader macroeconomy. This course will be to help students obtain a better understanding of important financial issues and to aid understanding, financial tools, the types ...
UL report_201501_ENG
UL report_201501_ENG

... expectation about the economy. The employment data also performed well, though with structural problems. The marginal effect of economic growth is one of the reasons for strong dollar. The market investors still keep the expectation that Fed may make the first interest rate hike in June 2015. ECB pu ...
Q1 2009 Market Commentary (Excerpt)
Q1 2009 Market Commentary (Excerpt)

... We are witnessing a market manipulation on an epic scale. The institutions that were desperate sellers with the S&P500 crashing below 700 are now equally desperate buyers at S&P 850! Now, as before in the Fall of 2008, bad news is “good news” to be bought, and good news causes “dancing in the aisles ...
Transaction Costs, Trade Throughs, and Riskless Principal Trading
Transaction Costs, Trade Throughs, and Riskless Principal Trading

... • Sophisticated institutions will demand more and better access to ATSs like BondPoint. • Interactive Brokers will continue to vacuum up sophisticated retail and institutional clients. • Someone will publish a private NBBO, but most brokers will not make it available to most of their clients. • Most ...
Can Asia`s financial markets continue to grow without AEV`s
Can Asia`s financial markets continue to grow without AEV`s

... Some exchanges are spending huge amounts to try to compete on technology rather than price ...
To calculate historical volatility
To calculate historical volatility

... result was 20 percent, this would mean that if the volatility present in the market over that 10-day period holds constant for the next year, the market could be expected to vary 20 percent from it current price. ...
Stewart-Peterson Group - Women in Agriculture Conference
Stewart-Peterson Group - Women in Agriculture Conference

... • What are you going to do if the market goes up some? • What are you going to do if the market goes up a lot? • What are you going to do if the market drops some? • What are you going to do if the market drops a lot? ...
FREE Manual
FREE Manual

... development of a dominant trend is not anticipated, those minor trends that do appear are not expected to remain active for any substantial period of time and can be projected to reverse after moving in any particular direction for a relatively limited objective, both in time and price. Therefore bo ...
“MiFID and Regulated Markets”
“MiFID and Regulated Markets”

... identification of breaches of the rules, disorderly trading or market abuse => Some requirements that were in market rules are now at EU level (consequences for flexibility/innovation) ...
W - Johnston Financial
W - Johnston Financial

... Much of the reason for this is crowd mentality and a part of it is, no doubt, the high proportion of the larger UK companies whose earnings are derived from overseas and particularly in US$. And yet, eventually, the growth or fall of profits of an individual company will eventually be reflected in t ...
Full text
Full text

... exchange is defined as an organized marketplace, where stocks, bonds and common stocks equivalents are traded by brokers and traders. Electronic stock exchange involves the usage of electronic terminals by traders to place orders on an exchange through their brokers. Speculative traders or speculato ...
European Commission
European Commission

... (the risk of default), linked to a debt obligation referenced in the contract. CDS are used by investors for hedging and investing. As a hedge a CDS provides protection against the credit risk arising from holding debt instruments. As an investment vehicle CDS can be used to express a view on the fu ...
Price Controls & Black Market Economies
Price Controls & Black Market Economies

... • How do black markets affect the supply of goods? – Consumers who are willing/able to pay will move into the black market; – Demand for the good will increase along with the black market price; – Sellers will divert more of the product onto the black market in order to make more money; – Shortages ...
< 1 ... 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 ... 89 >

Algorithmic trading

Algorithmic trading, also called algo trading and blackbox trading, encompasses trading systems that are heavily reliant on complex mathematical formulas and high-speed, computer programs to determine trading strategies. These strategies use electronic platforms to enter trading orders with an algorithm which executes pre-programmed trading instructions accounting for a variety of variables such as timing, price, and volume. Algorithmic trading is widely used by investment banks, pension funds, mutual funds, and other buy-side (investor-driven) institutional traders, to divide large trades into several smaller trades to manage market impact and risk.Algorithmic trading may be used in any investment strategy or trading strategy, including market making, inter-market spreading, arbitrage, or pure speculation (including trend following). The investment decision and implementation may be augmented at any stage with algorithmic support or may operate completely automatically.Many types of algorithmic or automated trading activities can be described as high-frequency trading (HFT), which is a specialized form of algorithmic trading characterized by high turnover and high order-to-trade ratios. As a result, in February 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) formed a special working group that included academics and industry experts to advise the CFTC on how best to define HFT. HFT strategies utilize computers that make elaborate decisions to initiate orders based on information that is received electronically, before human traders are capable of processing the information they observe. Algorithmic trading and HFT have resulted in a dramatic change of the market microstructure, particularly in the way liquidity is provided.Profitability projections by the TABB Group, a financial services industry research firm, for the US equities HFT industry were US$1.3 billion before expenses for 2014, significantly down on the maximum of US$21 billion that the 300 securities firms and hedge funds that then specialized in this type of trading took in profits in 2008, which the authors had then called ""relatively small"" and ""surprisingly modest"" when compared to the market's overall trading volume. In March 2014, Virtu Financial, a high-frequency trading firm, reported that during five years the firm as a whole was profitable on 1,277 out of 1,278 trading days, losing money just one day, empirically demonstrating the law of large numbers benefit of trading thousands to millions of tiny, low-risk and low-edge trades every trading day.A third of all European Union and United States stock trades in 2006 were driven by automatic programs, or algorithms. As of 2009, studies suggested HFT firms accounted for 60-73% of all US equity trading volume, with that number falling to approximately 50% in 2012. In 2006, at the London Stock Exchange, over 40% of all orders were entered by algorithmic traders, with 60% predicted for 2007. American markets and European markets generally have a higher proportion of algorithmic trades than other markets, and estimates for 2008 range as high as an 80% proportion in some markets. Foreign exchange markets also have active algorithmic trading (about 25% of orders in 2006). Futures markets are considered fairly easy to integrate into algorithmic trading, with about 20% of options volume expected to be computer-generated by 2010. Bond markets are moving toward more access to algorithmic traders.Algorithmic trading and HFT have been the subject of much public debate since the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission said in reports that an algorithmic trade entered by a mutual fund company triggered a wave of selling that led to the 2010 Flash Crash. The same reports found HFT strategies may have contributed to subsequent volatility by rapidly pulling liquidity from the market. As a result of these events, the Dow Jones Industrial Average suffered its second largest intraday point swing ever to that date, though prices quickly recovered. (See List of largest daily changes in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.) A July, 2011 report by the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), an international body of securities regulators, concluded that while ""algorithms and HFT technology have been used by market participants to manage their trading and risk, their usage was also clearly a contributing factor in the flash crash event of May 6, 2010."" However, other researchers have reached a different conclusion. One 2010 study found that HFT did not significantly alter trading inventory during the Flash Crash. Some algorithmic trading ahead of index fund rebalancing transfers profits from investors.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report