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...  Neither PS1 nor PF1 is known at the time the hedge is undertaken.  As the basis fluctuates, so does the potential gain or loss on the hedge.  Basis risk exposure on the futures position may be lower than the price risk in the cash market, especially when the cash and futures instruments are iden ...
extended hours trading disclosure
extended hours trading disclosure

... cancellation  is  received  (see  above  for  the  risk  of  communication  delays),  that  portion  of  your  order  which  was  executed  cannot  be  changed  or  cancelled.    This  means  that  you  will  be  responsible  for  settling the portion of your order that was executed.  In addition, o ...
The Use of Derivative Financial Instruments to
The Use of Derivative Financial Instruments to

... margin calls. For example, if rates began to slide downwards, so exposing the player to potential losses, the exchange could demand that the player pay these additional calls, reserving the right to close-out the contract and apply the proceeds against accrued losses if the calls are not paid when d ...
Vanguard Materials ETF Summary Prospectus
Vanguard Materials ETF Summary Prospectus

... which the Fund invests will trail returns from the overall stock market. Small-, mid-, and large-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several y ...
File - The Institute of International Finance
File - The Institute of International Finance

... forced to either reflect higher costs in higher bid/offer spreads charged to investors (particularly index tracker funds, which rely heavily on banking organizations to conduct such rebalances), or reduce their support for index rebalances and thereby expose investors to greater price volatility on ...
Stock Split Revisited: Evidence from U.S. and China Sheridan
Stock Split Revisited: Evidence from U.S. and China Sheridan

... adjusted returns. In total, there are 2381 U.S. based splits that are in our sample. Chinese firms normally issue two types of split, “stock dividend” and “stock transfer.” Funds for “stock dividend” are from earnings, whereas funds for “stock transfer” are from capital reserve fund. Both types of s ...
the structure of forward and futures markets
the structure of forward and futures markets

... the over-the-counter forward market is a highly regulated market forward contracts prevent the writer from assuming the credit risk of the buyer terms and conditions are tailored to the specific needs of the two parties involved transaction information between the two parties involved in the forward ...
Co-operative Business - Business Council of Co
Co-operative Business - Business Council of Co

... any terms of issue Can borrow money from a bank or lender Shares are transferable Shareholders receive dividends Shares can increase in value Companies can issue bonus shares or encourage dividend reinvestment Not open to anyone unless it is a listed public company ...
Soln Ch 21 Futures intro
Soln Ch 21 Futures intro

... The important distinction between a futures contract and an options contract is that the futures contract is an obligation. When an investor purchases or sells a futures contract, the investor has an obligation to either accept or deliver, respectively, the underlying commodity on the expiration dat ...
A common factor analysis for the US and the German stock markets
A common factor analysis for the US and the German stock markets

... frequency. On the other hand, increasing the frequency to an arbitrary level is also counterfactual. Indices especially face infrequent trading problems since they contain also less liquid stocks. Hence, we regard minute by minute data as the best way to cope with the trade-off between the issues of ...
Chapter 9
Chapter 9

Speculative Trading and Stock Prices
Speculative Trading and Stock Prices

... and buy-backs, a common practice that firms use to “arbitrage” the missvaluation of their own stocks, are severely constrained by the restrictive rules imposed by the government. Third, Chinese stock markets were only re-opened in early 1990s after being closed for nearly half a century. Thus, stock ...
Macroeconomic Factors and the Pakistani Equity
Macroeconomic Factors and the Pakistani Equity

... between behavior of stock prices and macroeconomic forces in developed countries. Now they have started to analyze these trends in the developing countries due to their significant and attractive profit potentials. The study has analyzed the impact of selected macroeconomic variables (exchange rate, ...
PowerPoint-Präsentation
PowerPoint-Präsentation

... Expected return is too high. Investors bid up price until expected return falls. individual stock or portfolio lies below SML: Expected return is too low. Investors sell stock driving down price until expected return rises. Fußzeile ...
Converting Drilling Rigs to LNG
Converting Drilling Rigs to LNG

... A typical rig uses between 62.5 to 83.33 gallons of diesel fuel per hour depending on horsepower and the drilling assignment. With daily fuel consumption totaling between 1,500 gallons and 2,000 gallons and current diesel prices at ~$4 per gallon, daily fuel costs for operators range from $6,000 to ...
As you can see, the market has been running and now it`s pulled
As you can see, the market has been running and now it`s pulled

... Galaxy, Iain completed the definitive feasibility on the Rincon project with the Enirgi Group. Technical expertise like this is hard to come by in a time where everyone is chasing Lithium in Argentina. Millennial is now trading at a CAD $1.57, or a $41 m market cap, which is a significant discount t ...
Chapter Seven
Chapter Seven

Derivatives Markets for Home Prices
Derivatives Markets for Home Prices

... open interest grew at a steady rate, cumulating to a 39% increase in the three months since the August 31 2007 expiration, so there are some signs of hope for growth of these contracts. The longer maturities (from one year to five years) that were added in September 2007 may enhance the product’s ut ...
PowerShares Dynamic US Market UCITS ETF 31 May 2017
PowerShares Dynamic US Market UCITS ETF 31 May 2017

... The Historic Yield reflects the distributions declared over the past twelve months as a percentage of the NAV at the beginning of the next period. Investors may be subject to tax on their distributions. The performance shown does not take account of the commissions and costs incurred on the issue an ...
Evaluating Asset Management firms by using the Divi- Ha Bui
Evaluating Asset Management firms by using the Divi- Ha Bui

NOT FOR PUBLICATION, RELEASE OR DISTRIBUTION
NOT FOR PUBLICATION, RELEASE OR DISTRIBUTION

... cautions readers that no forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance and that actual results could differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate only to historical or ...
PDF
PDF

deed of undertaking - Living in the Philippines
deed of undertaking - Living in the Philippines

... authorized officers with the rank of not lower than Assistant Vice-President and shall be used to fund the direct equity investment in existing or proposed Philippine corporations acceptable to BOI. ...
Shire plc - Investis
Shire plc - Investis

... March 1, 2017 – Shire plc (LSE: SHP, NASDAQ: SHPG) (the “Company”) announces that the Total Voting Rights announcement, released earlier today, has been amended to reflect that the number of ordinary shares of 5 pence each of the Company with voting rights is 905,168,199 instead of 905,443,530 as pr ...
Urgent Notice for non-EU issuers of Securities
Urgent Notice for non-EU issuers of Securities

... Directive. If the issuer neither lists nor offers to the public any further securities, how does it choose its home Member State for this purpose? Although Article 30.1 of the Directive appears to intend to create a different regime in these circumstances but its effect is unclear. IPMA has consulte ...
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Short (finance)



In finance, short selling (also known as shorting or going short) is the practice of selling securities or other financial instruments that are not currently owned, and subsequently repurchasing them (""covering""). In the event of an interim price decline, the short seller will profit, since the cost of (re)purchase will be less than the proceeds which were received upon the initial (short) sale. Conversely, the short position will be closed out at a loss in the event that the price of a shorted instrument should rise prior to repurchase. The potential loss on a short sale is theoretically unlimited in the event of an unlimited rise in the price of the instrument, however in practice the short seller will be required to post margin or collateral to cover losses, and any inability to do so on a timely basis would cause its broker or counterparty to liquidate the position. In the securities markets, the seller generally must borrow the securities in order to effect delivery in the short sale. In some cases, the short seller must pay a fee to borrow the securities and must additionally reimburse the lender for cash returns the lender would have received had the securities not been loaned out.Short selling is most commonly done with instruments traded in public securities, futures or currency markets, due to the liquidity and real-time price dissemination characteristic of such markets and because the instruments defined within each class are fungible.In practical terms, going short can be considered the opposite of the conventional practice of ""going long"", whereby an investor profits from an increase in the price of the asset. Mathematically, the return from a short position is equivalent to that of owning (being ""long"") a negative amount of the instrument. A short sale may be motivated by a variety of objectives. Speculators may sell short in the hope of realizing a profit on an instrument which appears to be overvalued, just as long investors or speculators hope to profit from a rise in the price of an instrument which appears undervalued. Traders or fund managers may hedge a long position or a portfolio through one or more short positions.
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