Brain, Mood and Cognition in Hypothyroidism
... studies have indicated that adult-onset hypothyroidism leads to impaired memory, anxiety and depression associated with alterations in hippocampal and amygdalar neuronal plasticity (Alzoubi et al., 2009; Montero-Pedrazuela et al., 2006, 2011). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful non-invas ...
... studies have indicated that adult-onset hypothyroidism leads to impaired memory, anxiety and depression associated with alterations in hippocampal and amygdalar neuronal plasticity (Alzoubi et al., 2009; Montero-Pedrazuela et al., 2006, 2011). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful non-invas ...
How Does the Brain Develop?
... specify every detail in a blueprint; nor do genes include every instruction for how a brain is assembled and wired. The process of building a brain is just too complex to be encoded entirely and precisely in genes. For this reason, the fate of billions of brain cells is left partly open, especially ...
... specify every detail in a blueprint; nor do genes include every instruction for how a brain is assembled and wired. The process of building a brain is just too complex to be encoded entirely and precisely in genes. For this reason, the fate of billions of brain cells is left partly open, especially ...
Heritable variation in testosterone levels in male garter snakes
... generalized effects of in utero hormonal conditions are suggested by a significant correlation between litter sex ratio and garter snake subcaudal scalation, a sexually dimorphic trait (Osypka & Arnold, 1999). However, this effect was seen in only one of two populations studied. Whether such in uter ...
... generalized effects of in utero hormonal conditions are suggested by a significant correlation between litter sex ratio and garter snake subcaudal scalation, a sexually dimorphic trait (Osypka & Arnold, 1999). However, this effect was seen in only one of two populations studied. Whether such in uter ...
Mirror neuron functioning: an explanation for
... MNS (mirror neuron system) in human beings, for example with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Iacoboni and colleagues (1999) performed an fMRI on subjects while they were watching someone else move their fingers and while performing finger movements of their own. During this action ...
... MNS (mirror neuron system) in human beings, for example with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Iacoboni and colleagues (1999) performed an fMRI on subjects while they were watching someone else move their fingers and while performing finger movements of their own. During this action ...
Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic
... Numerous, novel sex differences in gene expression patterns within the MeA, mPOA, VMH and BNST have been identified [10]. Using genome-wide expression profiling in conjunction with in situ hybridization, we discovered that the regulation of sexually dimorphic gene expression patterns is complex as m ...
... Numerous, novel sex differences in gene expression patterns within the MeA, mPOA, VMH and BNST have been identified [10]. Using genome-wide expression profiling in conjunction with in situ hybridization, we discovered that the regulation of sexually dimorphic gene expression patterns is complex as m ...
A genome-wide association study identifies an osteoarthritis
... authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute. Supported by the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE2) (014-93-015), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Organization for Scientifi ...
... authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute. Supported by the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE2) (014-93-015), The Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Organization for Scientifi ...
CHAPTER 3 BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR
... Question: How do hormones secreted by the major glands of the endocrine system affect the body? HORMONES AND EFFECT ON THE BODY Pituitary Gland – responsible for the secretion of many different hormones that affect various aspects of behavior such as the growth hormone Thyroid Gland – produces t ...
... Question: How do hormones secreted by the major glands of the endocrine system affect the body? HORMONES AND EFFECT ON THE BODY Pituitary Gland – responsible for the secretion of many different hormones that affect various aspects of behavior such as the growth hormone Thyroid Gland – produces t ...
Elucidating the Role of Gonadal Hormones in Sexually
... observed in chromosomal linkage to these complex biological systems; for example, quantitative trait loci (QTL) have often been observed in one sex but not the other (13–17). These sexgene interactions imply an underlying genetic network invoked by sex-specific regulation influencing gene expression ...
... observed in chromosomal linkage to these complex biological systems; for example, quantitative trait loci (QTL) have often been observed in one sex but not the other (13–17). These sexgene interactions imply an underlying genetic network invoked by sex-specific regulation influencing gene expression ...
SEX DETERMINATION, SEX LINKAGE, AND PEDIGREE ANALYSIS
... chromosome, near the centromere. At first, scientists believed it to be the sex switch: if the gene were present, the gonads would begin development as testes. Further male development, as in male secondary sexual characteristics, came about through the testosterone the functional testes produced. If ...
... chromosome, near the centromere. At first, scientists believed it to be the sex switch: if the gene were present, the gonads would begin development as testes. Further male development, as in male secondary sexual characteristics, came about through the testosterone the functional testes produced. If ...
Embryonic development of the Drosophila brain: formation of
... the commissure, and that mutations in the single-minded gene and in other spitz group genes that are involved in the differentiation of midline cells, result in the absence or ectopic projection of descending pathways. These findings demonstrate that the embryonic brain of Drosophila can be characte ...
... the commissure, and that mutations in the single-minded gene and in other spitz group genes that are involved in the differentiation of midline cells, result in the absence or ectopic projection of descending pathways. These findings demonstrate that the embryonic brain of Drosophila can be characte ...
Affect and psychological magnification: Denvations from Tomkins
... affects than did men, while men were more likely to invoke supernatural events in treatments of fear, and to offer more unhappy outcomes in plots dealing with both negative affects. The findings provide empirical support for Tomkins' script theory, and point to the need to consider specific afFects ...
... affects than did men, while men were more likely to invoke supernatural events in treatments of fear, and to offer more unhappy outcomes in plots dealing with both negative affects. The findings provide empirical support for Tomkins' script theory, and point to the need to consider specific afFects ...
research update in phenylketonuria
... – phe levels normalised with sufficient dose – comparable to 10-20% enzyme activity – successful only in short term – could not be duplicated due to immune response to vector ...
... – phe levels normalised with sufficient dose – comparable to 10-20% enzyme activity – successful only in short term – could not be duplicated due to immune response to vector ...
Diencephalon and Hypothalamus
... limbic system by which it generates behaviors involved in rage, aggression, escape, etc. ...
... limbic system by which it generates behaviors involved in rage, aggression, escape, etc. ...
Environmental Projects Funded by Cure Autism Now
... examines whether there is evidence of oxidative stress in individuals with autism, a finding which could lead to new approaches for treating the disorder. Auditory and Visual Processing Deficits in Autism; awarded to Tal Kenet, Ph.D., University of California, San Francisco. Environmental exposures ...
... examines whether there is evidence of oxidative stress in individuals with autism, a finding which could lead to new approaches for treating the disorder. Auditory and Visual Processing Deficits in Autism; awarded to Tal Kenet, Ph.D., University of California, San Francisco. Environmental exposures ...
Chapter 103: Application Of Imaging Technologies In The
... defects in brain suggested that they were secondary to cocaine’s vasoactive effects (e.g., vasoconstriction, and platelet aggregation), rather than its regional neuroactive properties. These imaging findings, which appeared as defects seen with small strokes and hemorrhages, corroborated clinical re ...
... defects in brain suggested that they were secondary to cocaine’s vasoactive effects (e.g., vasoconstriction, and platelet aggregation), rather than its regional neuroactive properties. These imaging findings, which appeared as defects seen with small strokes and hemorrhages, corroborated clinical re ...
Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Guide for Families
... There are many causes of growth hormone deficiency, most of which are present at birth (called “congenital”) but may take several years to become apparent or it can develop later (called “acquired”). Congenital causes include genetic or structural abnormalities of the development of the pituitary gl ...
... There are many causes of growth hormone deficiency, most of which are present at birth (called “congenital”) but may take several years to become apparent or it can develop later (called “acquired”). Congenital causes include genetic or structural abnormalities of the development of the pituitary gl ...
Lecture 8
... Much of the variability in IQ in PKU has to do with genetic background PKU kids with intelligent parents have IQ closer to normal PKU kids with not-so-intelligent parents have lower IQ ...
... Much of the variability in IQ in PKU has to do with genetic background PKU kids with intelligent parents have IQ closer to normal PKU kids with not-so-intelligent parents have lower IQ ...
Acetylcholinesterase in central vocal control nuclei of the zebra finch
... and memory processes. The vocal repertoire in each case needs to be acquired. Once acquired it is either retained throughout life in a stereotyped manner, or can built upon. It may be lost in one season when not in use, and needs to be acquired anew in the next when required. The vocal control pathw ...
... and memory processes. The vocal repertoire in each case needs to be acquired. Once acquired it is either retained throughout life in a stereotyped manner, or can built upon. It may be lost in one season when not in use, and needs to be acquired anew in the next when required. The vocal control pathw ...
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
... What happens after the baby is born? If the diagnosis of CAH has definitely been excluded no further action is necessary. If a baby is known to be at a 1 in 2 (or 1 in 4) risk of CAH, further testing will depend on the available information on genetic changes. Gene tracking studies (known as linkage ...
... What happens after the baby is born? If the diagnosis of CAH has definitely been excluded no further action is necessary. If a baby is known to be at a 1 in 2 (or 1 in 4) risk of CAH, further testing will depend on the available information on genetic changes. Gene tracking studies (known as linkage ...
NEURAL CONNECTIONS: Some You Use, Some You Lose
... densities -- the number of synapses per unit area or unit volume of cortical tissue -- vary over the life span in a species. Counting synapses in studies like these is the scientific equivalent of estimating the number of needles in a haystack, when both the number of needles and the size of the ha ...
... densities -- the number of synapses per unit area or unit volume of cortical tissue -- vary over the life span in a species. Counting synapses in studies like these is the scientific equivalent of estimating the number of needles in a haystack, when both the number of needles and the size of the ha ...
Twin Studies in Psychiatry and Psychology
... correlated with their greater behavioral similarity. I should also mention that I have never seen the results from this study (specifically, 16, Table 46, p. 115) discussed by any twin researcher other than Kringlen. A good example of the effects of the identity confusion and closeness experienced u ...
... correlated with their greater behavioral similarity. I should also mention that I have never seen the results from this study (specifically, 16, Table 46, p. 115) discussed by any twin researcher other than Kringlen. A good example of the effects of the identity confusion and closeness experienced u ...
the biological perspective
... in getting nutrients to the neurons, cleaning up the remains of neurons that have died, communicating with neurons and other glial cells, and providing insulation for neurons. Glial cells affect both the functioning and structure of neurons and specific types also have properties similar to stem cel ...
... in getting nutrients to the neurons, cleaning up the remains of neurons that have died, communicating with neurons and other glial cells, and providing insulation for neurons. Glial cells affect both the functioning and structure of neurons and specific types also have properties similar to stem cel ...
A small region on the X chromosome of Drosophila regulates a key
... achieved by many female determining factors scattered along the X chromosome. Attempts to localize major female determining genes in diploid animals failed. When small duplications of various regions of the X chromosome were added to males, none produced any shift toward femaleness. Similarly, femal ...
... achieved by many female determining factors scattered along the X chromosome. Attempts to localize major female determining genes in diploid animals failed. When small duplications of various regions of the X chromosome were added to males, none produced any shift toward femaleness. Similarly, femal ...
The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
... high concentrations, it causes constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure by increasing peripheral resistance. The release of ADH is controlled by a negative feedback loop. As blood osmolarity decreases, the hypothalamic osmoreceptors sense the change and prompt a corresponding de ...
... high concentrations, it causes constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure by increasing peripheral resistance. The release of ADH is controlled by a negative feedback loop. As blood osmolarity decreases, the hypothalamic osmoreceptors sense the change and prompt a corresponding de ...
Pathological gambling and DNA polymorphic markers at
... skin fibroblasts) compared to MAOB.25 A mutation in the MAOA gene that leads to lack of MAOA activity has been described in several affected males of a single large Dutch kindred, that exhibited borderline mental retardation and increased impulsive behaviours.14 In this study, we did not find an ass ...
... skin fibroblasts) compared to MAOB.25 A mutation in the MAOA gene that leads to lack of MAOA activity has been described in several affected males of a single large Dutch kindred, that exhibited borderline mental retardation and increased impulsive behaviours.14 In this study, we did not find an ass ...