Evolution of the Size and Functional Areas of the Human Brain
... tend to have larger brains than the average mammal, with EQs for anthropoids (all primates excluding prosimians) averaging ∼2 (i.e., anthropoids have brains approximately twice the size of the average mammal of their body size). Even though absolute brain size is significantly larger in pongids (chim ...
... tend to have larger brains than the average mammal, with EQs for anthropoids (all primates excluding prosimians) averaging ∼2 (i.e., anthropoids have brains approximately twice the size of the average mammal of their body size). Even though absolute brain size is significantly larger in pongids (chim ...
How Is the Brain Organized?
... instance, they named one region of the brain the gyrus fornicatus because they thought it had a role in sexual function. In fact, most of this region has nothing to do with sexual function. Another area was named the red nucleus because it appears reddish in fresh tissue. This name denotes nothing o ...
... instance, they named one region of the brain the gyrus fornicatus because they thought it had a role in sexual function. In fact, most of this region has nothing to do with sexual function. Another area was named the red nucleus because it appears reddish in fresh tissue. This name denotes nothing o ...
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... mediate positive reward processing (Commons, 2010). Additionally, NK1 receptor antagonists are reported to attenuate the reward-potentiating effects of morphine in mice (Robinson et al., 2012). Based on these lines of evidence, we hypothesized that the SP/NK1 receptor system might play a role in posi ...
... mediate positive reward processing (Commons, 2010). Additionally, NK1 receptor antagonists are reported to attenuate the reward-potentiating effects of morphine in mice (Robinson et al., 2012). Based on these lines of evidence, we hypothesized that the SP/NK1 receptor system might play a role in posi ...
FRAMED BEFORE WE KNOW IT How Gender Shapes Social
... knowledge, whether or not we personally endorse them. But the point is, because we think “most people” hold these beliefs, we expect others to judge us according to them. As a result, we must take these beliefs into account in our own behavior even if we do not endorse them. In this way, these share ...
... knowledge, whether or not we personally endorse them. But the point is, because we think “most people” hold these beliefs, we expect others to judge us according to them. As a result, we must take these beliefs into account in our own behavior even if we do not endorse them. In this way, these share ...
1 Beliefs about Gender Pedro Bordalo, Katie Coffman, Nicola
... Beliefs about ourselves and others are at the heart of many economic and social decisions. ...
... Beliefs about ourselves and others are at the heart of many economic and social decisions. ...
Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity Based on
... a specific set of motor or cognitive tasks, depending on the cortical area that belongs to it. Modifications of this model and further subdivisions of specific loops have been proposed (Fig. 1B) (Lawrence and others 1998; Nakano and others 2000). Other investigators have divided the striatum into 3 fun ...
... a specific set of motor or cognitive tasks, depending on the cortical area that belongs to it. Modifications of this model and further subdivisions of specific loops have been proposed (Fig. 1B) (Lawrence and others 1998; Nakano and others 2000). Other investigators have divided the striatum into 3 fun ...
HYPOTHALAMUS
... appetite control, and descending fibers from other basal forebrain structures. It has been implicated in controlling many physiological functions like sleep, and behavioral traits like depression and pleasure. Functions of the Hypothalamus: Many of the functions of the hypothalamus are of a homeosta ...
... appetite control, and descending fibers from other basal forebrain structures. It has been implicated in controlling many physiological functions like sleep, and behavioral traits like depression and pleasure. Functions of the Hypothalamus: Many of the functions of the hypothalamus are of a homeosta ...
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
... by a loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin with relatively wellpreserved neuronal cell bodies and axons in the central basis pontis. Wright et al. (2) later reported similar symmetric demyelinative lesions in areas outside the pons, including the thalamus, internal capsule, lower levels of cerebral co ...
... by a loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin with relatively wellpreserved neuronal cell bodies and axons in the central basis pontis. Wright et al. (2) later reported similar symmetric demyelinative lesions in areas outside the pons, including the thalamus, internal capsule, lower levels of cerebral co ...
Anatomical Changes in Human Motor Cortex and Motor Pathways
... Using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM; Friston et al. 1995), the 3 T1weighted images from each subject were coregistered and averaged. The averaged image was bias corrected using the SPM5 unified segmentation (Ashburner and Friston 2005). The bias-corrected images were segmented and spatially nor ...
... Using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM; Friston et al. 1995), the 3 T1weighted images from each subject were coregistered and averaged. The averaged image was bias corrected using the SPM5 unified segmentation (Ashburner and Friston 2005). The bias-corrected images were segmented and spatially nor ...
Novel genetic aspects of Klinefelter`s syndrome
... phenotype (Lanfranco et al., 2004). The ‘prototypic’ man with KS has traditionally been described as tall, with sparse body hair, gynecomastia, small testes and decreased verbal intelligence (Bojesen and Gravholt, 2007). Yet, the clinical picture of XXY males may range from severe signs of androgen ...
... phenotype (Lanfranco et al., 2004). The ‘prototypic’ man with KS has traditionally been described as tall, with sparse body hair, gynecomastia, small testes and decreased verbal intelligence (Bojesen and Gravholt, 2007). Yet, the clinical picture of XXY males may range from severe signs of androgen ...
The domesticated brain: genetics of brain mass and brain
... Therefore, little is known regarding the combined genetic architectures for brain mass and body mass, and studies that comprehensively examine the genetic architecture of both brain mass and body mass in an intra-species specific manner are lacking. Most studies examining the genetics of brain and b ...
... Therefore, little is known regarding the combined genetic architectures for brain mass and body mass, and studies that comprehensively examine the genetic architecture of both brain mass and body mass in an intra-species specific manner are lacking. Most studies examining the genetics of brain and b ...
Greater Cortical Gray Matter Density in Lithium
... Methods: We used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and cortical pattern matching methods to map gray matter differences in 28 adults with bipolar disorder, 70% of whom were lithium-treated (mean age ⫽ 36.1 ⫾ 10.5; 13 female subject), and 28 healthy control subjects (mean age ⫽ 35.9 ⫾ 8.5; 1 ...
... Methods: We used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and cortical pattern matching methods to map gray matter differences in 28 adults with bipolar disorder, 70% of whom were lithium-treated (mean age ⫽ 36.1 ⫾ 10.5; 13 female subject), and 28 healthy control subjects (mean age ⫽ 35.9 ⫾ 8.5; 1 ...
Chromosome x-wide association study identifies
... and found that only 33% of these studies had included chrX analyses [3]. While some association studies have opted for including chrX, such as recent genetic screens on sex-hormone binding globulin levels [4] and Grave’s disease [5], removal of non-autosomal data appears to be a common practice in G ...
... and found that only 33% of these studies had included chrX analyses [3]. While some association studies have opted for including chrX, such as recent genetic screens on sex-hormone binding globulin levels [4] and Grave’s disease [5], removal of non-autosomal data appears to be a common practice in G ...
female mate choice in nonhuman mammals
... leks (Apollonio et al. 1990; Balmford et al. 1992a). These mating systems are traditionally thought to provide only indirect benefits to females, however, female choice driven at least in part for direct benefits would go some way to solving what has become known as the 'lek paradox' (Borgia 1979; R ...
... leks (Apollonio et al. 1990; Balmford et al. 1992a). These mating systems are traditionally thought to provide only indirect benefits to females, however, female choice driven at least in part for direct benefits would go some way to solving what has become known as the 'lek paradox' (Borgia 1979; R ...
HYPOTHALAMUS
... Plate 29 shows the relationship of troph-hormone producing cells to fenestrated capillaries in the anterior pituitary. The magno- and parvocellular cell groups producing the hypothalamic hormones receive a variety of stimuli from different parts of the brain, primarily within the hypothalamus, but ...
... Plate 29 shows the relationship of troph-hormone producing cells to fenestrated capillaries in the anterior pituitary. The magno- and parvocellular cell groups producing the hypothalamic hormones receive a variety of stimuli from different parts of the brain, primarily within the hypothalamus, but ...
Full text
... product in the cell soma [3]. In addition, secretory activity of NPY-ir perikarya was enhanced by starvation [3] or long-term undernutrition [14] in sheep. In the present work, NPY-containing neurons in IN of the ewe exhibited the enhanced NPY expression during the preovulatory phase of the oestrous ...
... product in the cell soma [3]. In addition, secretory activity of NPY-ir perikarya was enhanced by starvation [3] or long-term undernutrition [14] in sheep. In the present work, NPY-containing neurons in IN of the ewe exhibited the enhanced NPY expression during the preovulatory phase of the oestrous ...
3. Connections of the Hypothalamus
... Many hypothalamic neurons respond best to complex sensory stimuli, suggesting that the sensory information that drives them is highly processed. It is likely, therefore, that much of the sensory information that reaches the hypothalamus travels by polysynaptic routes involving convergence of cortica ...
... Many hypothalamic neurons respond best to complex sensory stimuli, suggesting that the sensory information that drives them is highly processed. It is likely, therefore, that much of the sensory information that reaches the hypothalamus travels by polysynaptic routes involving convergence of cortica ...
How the body controls brain temperature: the temperature shielding
... especially important because of numerous current attempts to use mild hypothermia for treatment of stroke, multiple sclerosis, and other brain injuries (see, for example, Refs. 6, 10 –12, 17, 23, 24). Therapeutic results have been conflicting, in large part because quantifying the resultant cooling ...
... especially important because of numerous current attempts to use mild hypothermia for treatment of stroke, multiple sclerosis, and other brain injuries (see, for example, Refs. 6, 10 –12, 17, 23, 24). Therapeutic results have been conflicting, in large part because quantifying the resultant cooling ...
Read Article - University of Northern Colorado
... determined and are highly variable from individual brain to brain. Second, those sulcal/gyral boundaries are often not well correlated with histoanatomically defined areas [e.g., [20-22]]. Third, they are susceptible to rater judgments, which necessarily introduce inter-rater, and therefore intra- a ...
... determined and are highly variable from individual brain to brain. Second, those sulcal/gyral boundaries are often not well correlated with histoanatomically defined areas [e.g., [20-22]]. Third, they are susceptible to rater judgments, which necessarily introduce inter-rater, and therefore intra- a ...
Introduction to Psychology
... The next time you are in a market that sells beef brains, stop and have a look. What you will see is similar to your own brain, only smaller. How could such a squishy little blob of tissue allow us to become neuroscientists? To make music of exquisite beauty? To seek a cure for cancer? To fall in lo ...
... The next time you are in a market that sells beef brains, stop and have a look. What you will see is similar to your own brain, only smaller. How could such a squishy little blob of tissue allow us to become neuroscientists? To make music of exquisite beauty? To seek a cure for cancer? To fall in lo ...
Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
... obesity, increased frequency of fractures and disordered sleep. These clinical signs of aging are, without doubt, the manifestation of a very complex set of changes which involve, at least in part, the GH-axis. Naturally, this has spurred considerable interest in administering ...
... obesity, increased frequency of fractures and disordered sleep. These clinical signs of aging are, without doubt, the manifestation of a very complex set of changes which involve, at least in part, the GH-axis. Naturally, this has spurred considerable interest in administering ...
Monoaminergic dysfunction in recreational users of
... observed using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (Reneman et al., 2002) in combined ecstasy and dAMPH users versus sole ecstasy users. Because DA is involved in many important neurobehavioral functions, such as executive and motor function, attention and inhibition, it is important ...
... observed using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (Reneman et al., 2002) in combined ecstasy and dAMPH users versus sole ecstasy users. Because DA is involved in many important neurobehavioral functions, such as executive and motor function, attention and inhibition, it is important ...
Hormones - HCC Learning Web
... capillaries of the posterior lobe – Posterior lobe is not therefore an endocrine gland but a storage and release center – Both oxytocin and vasopressin are octapeptides – Both hormones are fast acting, producing a response within seconds of their release ...
... capillaries of the posterior lobe – Posterior lobe is not therefore an endocrine gland but a storage and release center – Both oxytocin and vasopressin are octapeptides – Both hormones are fast acting, producing a response within seconds of their release ...