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EFFICIENCY IN SMALL PERMANENT MAGNET DC GENERATORS
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... higher for very narrow magnetic gaps, and is also higher at higher shaft rpms as well as larger armature ...
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... energized when the voltage is zero the initial inrush current is made completely asymmetrical, that is, shifted from the nominal current axis (refer to Figure 2). This makes the inrush current greater than the LRC for that current phase. Also, in a three phase system, the odds of one of the phases b ...
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... buffer. The circuit can be divided into two parts; the upper circuit consisting of devices M1-M7 and the lower circuit of devices M8-M14. Each of these sub-circuits resembles a single-stage class-AB amplifier. The purpose of level shifters, M4-M5 and M11-M12 are to provide negative feedback loops (1 ...
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... host not only elements of the power supply, but also elements of the voice alarming system (amplifiers, controllers, etc.). The power system takes care about supplying the mains (primary) power as well as the backup power of 24V or 48V from own battery banks. The battery banks are protected against ...
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... (decoupling diode): For redundant operation the outputs of two or more units are paralleled behind de-coupling diodes so that an internal fault of one module does not affect the operation of the others. These diodes cause power losses. (active current sharing): An additional control circuit provides ...
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Rectifier



A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is known as rectification. Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including vacuum tube diodes, mercury-arc valves, copper and selenium oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled rectifiers and other silicon-based semiconductor switches. Historically, even synchronous electromechanical switches and motors have been used. Early radio receivers, called crystal radios, used a ""cat's whisker"" of fine wire pressing on a crystal of galena (lead sulfide) to serve as a point-contact rectifier or ""crystal detector"".Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving as components of DC power supplies and high-voltage direct current power transmission systems. Rectification may serve in roles other than to generate direct current for use as a source of power. As noted, detectors of radio signals serve as rectifiers. In gas heating systems flame rectification is used to detect presence of a flame.Because of the alternating nature of the input AC sine wave, the process of rectification alone produces a DC current that, though unidirectional, consists of pulses of current. Many applications of rectifiers, such as power supplies for radio, television and computer equipment, require a steady constant DC current (as would be produced by a battery). In these applications the output of the rectifier is smoothed by an electronic filter (usually a capacitor) to produce a steady current.More complex circuitry that performs the opposite function, converting DC to AC, is called an inverter.
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