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Appendix C: Windows 2000
Appendix C: Windows 2000

... Establish logical connections of sessions between two logical names on the network ...
The Sprite Network Operating System
The Sprite Network Operating System

... 2.2. Shared Address Spaces The early versions of UNIX did not permit memory to be shared between user processes, except for read-only code. Each process had private data and stack segments, as shown in Figure 1. Since then, extensions to allow read-write memory sharing have been implemented or propo ...
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...  Programming interface to the services provided by the OS  Typically written in a high-level language (C or C++)  Mostly accessed by programs via a high-level Application ...
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...  Oses usually support both kinds, sometimes require access method declaration during create() ...


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... System Calls  Programming interface to the services provided by the OS  Typically written in a high-level language (C or C++)  Mostly accessed by programs via a high-level Application Program ...
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...  Programming interface to the services provided by the OS  Typically written in a high-level language (C or C++)  Mostly accessed by programs via a high-level Application Program Interface ...
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...  Programming interface to the services provided by the OS  Typically written in a high-level language (C or C++)  Mostly accessed by programs via a high-level Application Program Interface ...
Chapter 2: Operating-System Structures
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... Chapter 2: Operating-System Structures „ Operating System Services „ User Operating System Interface „ System Calls „ Types of System Calls „ System Programs „ Operating System Design and Implementation „ Operating System Structure ...
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Windows and .Net Threads

...  Avoid low CPU activity when a thread is blocked waiting for response from a slow device or human, allowing other threads to continue. ...
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... these features are difficult to compete against. Some open source operating systems do not offer paid support programs. Some companies avoid open source projects because they need paid support, so that they have some entity to hold accountable if there is a problem or they need help fixing an issue. ...
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Operating System Services

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...  Resource allocation - When multiple users or multiple jobs running concurrently, resources must be allocated to each of them  Many types of resources - Some (such as CPU cycles, main memory, and file storage) may have special allocation code, others (such as I/O devices) may have general request ...
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... a lock-free list instead of a set of distributed lists may provide equal performance for a specific machine and load. However, we take it as a basic axiom that locality-based implementations have the desirable properties of permitting explicit control of communication costs. The approach we have tak ...
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... not cause confusion. Similarly, in Plan 9 the name /dev/cons always refers to the users terminal and /bin/date the correct version of the date command to run, but which files those names represent depends on circumstances such as the architecture of the machine executing date. Plan 9, then, has loc ...
04-support
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... It only works when the algorithm structure has most, if not all, of the computationally intensive work in a manageable number of distinct loops The body of the loop must result in loop iterations that work well as parallel tasks ...
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... Both functional and object oriented: - We want to create a functional programming language where users also have access to object-oriented style structures. Compiling to LLVM: - Compiling to LLVM allows for cross-language integrations that would allow a user to combine the functionality of Stop with ...
operating system design
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... It should be clear by now that writing a modern operating system is not easy. But where does one begin? Probably the best place to begin is to think about the interfaces it provides. An operating system provides a set of abstractions, mostly implemented by data types (e.g., files) and operations on ...
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Library (computing)



In computer science, a library is a collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often to develop software. These may include configuration data, documentation, help data, message templates, pre-written code and subroutines, classes, values or type specifications. In IBM's OS/360 and its successors they are referred to as partitioned data sets.In computer science, a library is a collection of implementations of behavior, written in terms of a language, that has a well-defined interface by which the behavior is invoked. This means that as long as a higher level program uses a library to make system calls, it does not need to be re-written to implement those system calls over and over again. In addition, the behavior is provided for reuse by multiple independent programs. A program invokes the library-provided behavior via a mechanism of the language. For example, in a simple imperative language such as C, the behavior in a library is invoked by using C's normal function-call. What distinguishes the call as being to a library, versus being to another function in the same program, is the way that the code is organized in the system. Library code is organized in such a way that it can be used by multiple programs that have no connection to each other, while code that is part of a program is organized to only be used within that one program. This distinction can gain a hierarchical notion when a program grows large, such as a multi-million-line program. In that case, there may be internal libraries that are reused by independent sub-portions of the large program. The distinguishing feature is that a library is organized for the purposes of being reused by independent programs or sub-programs, and the user only needs to know the interface, and not the internal details of the library.The value of a library is the reuse of the behavior. When a program invokes a library, it gains the behavior implemented inside that library without having to implement that behavior itself. Libraries encourage the sharing of code in a modular fashion, and ease the distribution of the code. The behavior implemented by a library can be connected to the invoking program at different program lifecycle phases. If the code of the library is accessed during the build of the invoking program, then the library is called a static library. An alternative is to build the executable of the invoking program and distribute that, independently from the library implementation. The library behavior is connected after the executable has been invoked to be executed, either as part of the process of starting the execution, or in the middle of execution. In this case the library is called a dynamic library. A dynamic library can be loaded and linked as part of preparing a program for execution, by the linker. Alternatively, in the middle of execution, an application may explicitly request that a module be loaded.Most compiled languages have a standard library although programmers can also create their own custom libraries. Most modern software systems provide libraries that implement the majority of system services. Such libraries have commoditized the services which a modern application requires. As such, most code used by modern applications is provided in these system libraries.
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