Strong increase in convective precipitation in response to higher
... computed by bootstrapping. ...
... computed by bootstrapping. ...
snow and greenhouse report 2003 FINAL
... Such reductions are relatively minor at high sites but can represent a substantial impact at low sites. The reductions in peak depths range from around 10% at the highest sites to more than 80% at low sites such as Mt Baw Baw. The high impact scenario for 2050 leads to very large reductions in seaso ...
... Such reductions are relatively minor at high sites but can represent a substantial impact at low sites. The reductions in peak depths range from around 10% at the highest sites to more than 80% at low sites such as Mt Baw Baw. The high impact scenario for 2050 leads to very large reductions in seaso ...
ACIA Ch02 Final - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... of cold oceans to small changes in salinity are processes that could contribute to unusually large and rapid climate change in the Arctic. The arctic climate is a complex system with multiple interactions with the global climate system.The phase of the Arctic Oscillation was at its most negative in ...
... of cold oceans to small changes in salinity are processes that could contribute to unusually large and rapid climate change in the Arctic. The arctic climate is a complex system with multiple interactions with the global climate system.The phase of the Arctic Oscillation was at its most negative in ...
Scientific Facts on Arctic Climate Change
... sea ice and permafrost; and rising sea levels provide clear evidence of a warming trend for the Arctic as a whole. For example, in Alaska and western Canada, winter temperatures have increased by as much as 3-4°C in the past 50 years (i.e. 5.4-7.2°F). In general, winter temperatures are rising more ...
... sea ice and permafrost; and rising sea levels provide clear evidence of a warming trend for the Arctic as a whole. For example, in Alaska and western Canada, winter temperatures have increased by as much as 3-4°C in the past 50 years (i.e. 5.4-7.2°F). In general, winter temperatures are rising more ...
LD166 Cumbria Local Climate Impacts Profile
... Nevertheless, there is a strong scientific base of evidence that suggests Cumbria will experience changes to its climate over the course of this century, including sea level rise, increased heat waves, drier summers and increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as intense rai ...
... Nevertheless, there is a strong scientific base of evidence that suggests Cumbria will experience changes to its climate over the course of this century, including sea level rise, increased heat waves, drier summers and increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as intense rai ...
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... Climate change refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. Climatic factors such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, sunshine hours etc., on earth is changing naturally in its slow pace from long millennia; however, the inc ...
... Climate change refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. Climatic factors such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, sunshine hours etc., on earth is changing naturally in its slow pace from long millennia; however, the inc ...
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... Although Miller and Plantinga (1999) assume that the land use aggregate data did not usually suffer from the zero expected share, we have multiple zero planted acre cases since some crops are not planted at all due to the natural conditions such as climate, soil quality and weather conditions in thi ...
... Although Miller and Plantinga (1999) assume that the land use aggregate data did not usually suffer from the zero expected share, we have multiple zero planted acre cases since some crops are not planted at all due to the natural conditions such as climate, soil quality and weather conditions in thi ...
AHDR-‐II FACT SHEET: POPULATION AND
... the countries as a whole. The population of the Russian Arctic declined by 6%,, much less than the decline during the 1990s, but twice that of the Russian Federation rate. Growth in the oil and ...
... the countries as a whole. The population of the Russian Arctic declined by 6%,, much less than the decline during the 1990s, but twice that of the Russian Federation rate. Growth in the oil and ...
Snowmaking and Climate Change
... FIGURE 5 Elevations suitable for snowmaking today and with a projected 2°C warming, with different snowmaking intensities (5, 3, 1 snowmaking days). The range of uncertainty depends on the degree-day factor (2 mm / 3 mm) chosen. ...
... FIGURE 5 Elevations suitable for snowmaking today and with a projected 2°C warming, with different snowmaking intensities (5, 3, 1 snowmaking days). The range of uncertainty depends on the degree-day factor (2 mm / 3 mm) chosen. ...
Dynamical downscaling from climate
... with their present-day monthly biases removed. The model description and experimental design is provided in Section 2. Results of the simulations for both 200 km and 20 km resolutions are discussed in Section 3 for present-day conditions (1961–1990). Simulated future changes are presented in Section ...
... with their present-day monthly biases removed. The model description and experimental design is provided in Section 2. Results of the simulations for both 200 km and 20 km resolutions are discussed in Section 3 for present-day conditions (1961–1990). Simulated future changes are presented in Section ...
The Changing Arctic Cryosphere and Likely Consequences: An
... although uncertainty is high. Already, feedbacks are implicated in some recent climatic changes. For example, the extent to which the date of spring melt has become earlier is greater than the extent to which the date of snowon has become delayed, and this is consistent with a greater early-season a ...
... although uncertainty is high. Already, feedbacks are implicated in some recent climatic changes. For example, the extent to which the date of spring melt has become earlier is greater than the extent to which the date of snowon has become delayed, and this is consistent with a greater early-season a ...
Implementing measures to manage the rapid deterioration of the Arctic
... these would accelerate Greenland’s ice melt. Effects on temperatures and climates The changes taking place in the Arctic Circle could result in extreme temperatures both in the warmer summer season, as well as the colder winter season. Jennifer Francis, a climate scientist, has discovered that the w ...
... these would accelerate Greenland’s ice melt. Effects on temperatures and climates The changes taking place in the Arctic Circle could result in extreme temperatures both in the warmer summer season, as well as the colder winter season. Jennifer Francis, a climate scientist, has discovered that the w ...
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation
... one phase might be, the opposite phase would have the opposite effect and after a full cycle the system would be brought back to where it was at the beginning. The heat can just be moved around through different parts of the system and it may even be "hidden" for some time, but after a full cycle it w ...
... one phase might be, the opposite phase would have the opposite effect and after a full cycle the system would be brought back to where it was at the beginning. The heat can just be moved around through different parts of the system and it may even be "hidden" for some time, but after a full cycle it w ...
Possible impacts of climate change on freezing rain in south
... damage to overhead wires, communication towers, and trees due to ice accumulation. Although major freezing rain events or ice storms are relatively rare (Cheng et al., 2004), the average damage sustained per event (nearly CDN $1.4 billion) is by far the most costly among all Canadian hydrometeorolog ...
... damage to overhead wires, communication towers, and trees due to ice accumulation. Although major freezing rain events or ice storms are relatively rare (Cheng et al., 2004), the average damage sustained per event (nearly CDN $1.4 billion) is by far the most costly among all Canadian hydrometeorolog ...
Extreme Temperatures and Precipitation in Europe
... in the frequency and intensity of extreme events. In this report we analyse the changes in variability and extremes in temperature and precipitation in Europe by the end of this century, based on high-resolution (12 km) simulations of the regional climate model HIRHAM. The results suggest a general ...
... in the frequency and intensity of extreme events. In this report we analyse the changes in variability and extremes in temperature and precipitation in Europe by the end of this century, based on high-resolution (12 km) simulations of the regional climate model HIRHAM. The results suggest a general ...
Geopolitical Implications of the Melting Arctic Ice Cap: Are States
... ratification of UNCLOS, it has focused much of its Arctic policy on cooperation with other nations. It was not until the early 2000s that Norway began to legally define its intentions in the Arctic with regard to other circumpolar states. Since 2006, Norwegian policy in the Arctic has focused i ...
... ratification of UNCLOS, it has focused much of its Arctic policy on cooperation with other nations. It was not until the early 2000s that Norway began to legally define its intentions in the Arctic with regard to other circumpolar states. Since 2006, Norwegian policy in the Arctic has focused i ...
analysis of land skin temperature using avhrr observations
... globe, because it is a function of soil and vegetation conditions. In general, emissivity is approximately 0.95–0.97 for vegetated areas and 0.8–0.95 for most of the bare soil areas. In addition, evident seasonality is observed at emissivity fields (JL03). Utilizing MODIS-based emissivity in the LST ...
... globe, because it is a function of soil and vegetation conditions. In general, emissivity is approximately 0.95–0.97 for vegetated areas and 0.8–0.95 for most of the bare soil areas. In addition, evident seasonality is observed at emissivity fields (JL03). Utilizing MODIS-based emissivity in the LST ...
Simulated interannual variation in summertime atmospheric
... the PC1 time series of the principal modes did not change when the reference domain used for the EOF analysis was varied and when the rotated EOF analysis was applied. The use of lower resolution degrades the similarity to observations. Figure 4 shows the regressed spatial pattern and time series as ...
... the PC1 time series of the principal modes did not change when the reference domain used for the EOF analysis was varied and when the rotated EOF analysis was applied. The use of lower resolution degrades the similarity to observations. Figure 4 shows the regressed spatial pattern and time series as ...
Climate of the Past
... were warmer than today during the mid-Holocene. Davies et al. (2003) suggested, based on evidence from pollen data, that the so called Holocene Thermal Maximum occurred across a wide area of northern Europe at around 6000 years ago. While the insolation in boreal summer was maximal at around 11 000 ...
... were warmer than today during the mid-Holocene. Davies et al. (2003) suggested, based on evidence from pollen data, that the so called Holocene Thermal Maximum occurred across a wide area of northern Europe at around 6000 years ago. While the insolation in boreal summer was maximal at around 11 000 ...
Print - Science Advances
... brackets may not (39). Further, it has been observed that older individuals can have deficient thermoregulation (40), which may make their sleep cycles more vulnerable to anomalous temperatures. To examine whether lower-income and elderly respondents are most acutely disturbed by above-average night ...
... brackets may not (39). Further, it has been observed that older individuals can have deficient thermoregulation (40), which may make their sleep cycles more vulnerable to anomalous temperatures. To examine whether lower-income and elderly respondents are most acutely disturbed by above-average night ...
1. The Model: implementation of the numerical responses of
... lemming winter nests predated by stoat: 0.67 ± 0.27 SE) than at Karupelv (0.28 ± 0.44). However, counts of depredated winter nest must be interpreted cautiously for Zackenberg, since the area monitored (2.05 km²) is by far too small to detect stoat presence when its density is low. For instance, one ...
... lemming winter nests predated by stoat: 0.67 ± 0.27 SE) than at Karupelv (0.28 ± 0.44). However, counts of depredated winter nest must be interpreted cautiously for Zackenberg, since the area monitored (2.05 km²) is by far too small to detect stoat presence when its density is low. For instance, one ...
Sun exposure, nest temperature and loggerhead
... shining a dim light at the ocean end, and times were measured with a stopwatch and then converted into speed (m/s). 2.10. Statistical analysis The relationship between nest temperature and solar energy reaching the sand surface at the nest site was described using linear regression. To test for the ...
... shining a dim light at the ocean end, and times were measured with a stopwatch and then converted into speed (m/s). 2.10. Statistical analysis The relationship between nest temperature and solar energy reaching the sand surface at the nest site was described using linear regression. To test for the ...
Improving simulated soil temperatures and soil freeze/thaw at high
... 1989]. The insulating effect of snow results in soil temperatures several degrees warmer than annual mean air temperatures and as much as 20! warmer than winter air temperatures [Zhang, 2005]. The strength of this insulating effect depends on the timing, duration, depth, grain size, density, and str ...
... 1989]. The insulating effect of snow results in soil temperatures several degrees warmer than annual mean air temperatures and as much as 20! warmer than winter air temperatures [Zhang, 2005]. The strength of this insulating effect depends on the timing, duration, depth, grain size, density, and str ...
Read the Full Report - MAP Dashboard
... Extreme weather impacts the economy and society in many ways. Since 2010, the state of Arizona has lost more than $3 billion in direct damages from extreme weather. Averaging $500 million per year, losses equal more than 5% of the state government’s annual operating budget.1 Tucson, and the surround ...
... Extreme weather impacts the economy and society in many ways. Since 2010, the state of Arizona has lost more than $3 billion in direct damages from extreme weather. Averaging $500 million per year, losses equal more than 5% of the state government’s annual operating budget.1 Tucson, and the surround ...
Temperature and precipitation history of the Arctic
... Arctic summers were w5 C warmer than at present, and almost all glaciers melted completely except for the Greenland Ice Sheet, and even it was reduced in size substantially from its present extent. With the loss of land ice, sea level was about 5 m higher than present, with the extra melt coming f ...
... Arctic summers were w5 C warmer than at present, and almost all glaciers melted completely except for the Greenland Ice Sheet, and even it was reduced in size substantially from its present extent. With the loss of land ice, sea level was about 5 m higher than present, with the extra melt coming f ...
Early 2014 North American cold wave
The 2014 North American cold wave was an extreme weather event extending from January to April 2014, and was also part of an unusually cold winter affecting parts of Canada and the Eastern United States. The event occurred in early 2014 and was caused by a southward shift of the North Polar Vortex. Record low temperatures also extended well into March.On January 2, an Arctic cold front initially associated with a nor'easter tracked across Canada and the United States, resulting in heavy snowfall. Temperatures fell to unprecedented levels, and low temperature records were broken across the United States. Business, school, and road closures were common, as well as mass flight cancellations. Altogether, more than 200 million people were affected, in an area ranging from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and extending south to include roughly 187 million residents of the Continental United States.