Document
... The two factor cross. Example: color and shape of peas. F1 cross to produce the F2 generation Ex RRYY x rryy Round yellow mated with wrinkled green • Offspring would all be hybrid for both traits (RrYy) ...
... The two factor cross. Example: color and shape of peas. F1 cross to produce the F2 generation Ex RRYY x rryy Round yellow mated with wrinkled green • Offspring would all be hybrid for both traits (RrYy) ...
History of Genetics
... found that when he crossed the F1 generation F2 plants developed with traits that were not there in either parent (example: wrinkled yellow seeds) This lead Mendel to come up with the Law of Independent Assortment: ...
... found that when he crossed the F1 generation F2 plants developed with traits that were not there in either parent (example: wrinkled yellow seeds) This lead Mendel to come up with the Law of Independent Assortment: ...
Pedigree Problems 1. The pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance
... (a) What is the most probable mode of inheritance (dominant or recessive) for this trait? On what do you base your answer? ...
... (a) What is the most probable mode of inheritance (dominant or recessive) for this trait? On what do you base your answer? ...
Brooker Chapter 4
... Epistatic interactions arise because the two genes encode proteins that participate in sequence in a biochemical ...
... Epistatic interactions arise because the two genes encode proteins that participate in sequence in a biochemical ...
The information in this document is meant to cover topic 4 and topic
... retained their identities, and were inherited in fixed mathematical ratios. Law of Unit Characters: There are units in the cell that are responsible for traits (characteristics); these units come in pairs. ...
... retained their identities, and were inherited in fixed mathematical ratios. Law of Unit Characters: There are units in the cell that are responsible for traits (characteristics); these units come in pairs. ...
Unit 5 Review Guide
... proportion of the offspring would be expected to be as follows: (Note: use the rules of probability instead of a huge Punnett square). a) homozygous for the three dominant traits b) homozygous for the three recessive traits c) heterozygous d) homozygous for axial and tall, heterozygous for seed shap ...
... proportion of the offspring would be expected to be as follows: (Note: use the rules of probability instead of a huge Punnett square). a) homozygous for the three dominant traits b) homozygous for the three recessive traits c) heterozygous d) homozygous for axial and tall, heterozygous for seed shap ...
Genetic Equilibrium
... Conditions of the H-W Theorem 3. Random mating - if certain traits are more desirable, then individuals with those traits will be selected and this will not allow for random mixing of alleles. 4. No natural selection - if some individuals survive and reproduce at a higher rate than others, then the ...
... Conditions of the H-W Theorem 3. Random mating - if certain traits are more desirable, then individuals with those traits will be selected and this will not allow for random mixing of alleles. 4. No natural selection - if some individuals survive and reproduce at a higher rate than others, then the ...
Basic Principles of Heredity Notes AP Biology Mrs. Laux
... a. no uniform appearance (variation) b. some traits hide and skip II. Gregor Mendel -first idea of modern genetics -Austrian (Czech Republic now) monk who discovered fundamental principles of heredity A. Background: (what we know now) 1. traits encoded in DNAchromosomes 2. geneseveral nucleotides ...
... a. no uniform appearance (variation) b. some traits hide and skip II. Gregor Mendel -first idea of modern genetics -Austrian (Czech Republic now) monk who discovered fundamental principles of heredity A. Background: (what we know now) 1. traits encoded in DNAchromosomes 2. geneseveral nucleotides ...
Unit 10 Powerpoint
... not all alternative alleles are either fully dominant or fully recessive incomplete dominance produces a heterozygous phenotype that is intermediate between those of the parents each allele is represented, but essentially only at 50% ...
... not all alternative alleles are either fully dominant or fully recessive incomplete dominance produces a heterozygous phenotype that is intermediate between those of the parents each allele is represented, but essentially only at 50% ...
Extensions of Mendelian Genetics
... plants is half that of the homozygous red parent, and half as much gene product is made in the offspring. In the F1, the red gene is present, so some red pigment is made (but not as much as in the red parent, which has two red genes) and the flowers are pink. ...
... plants is half that of the homozygous red parent, and half as much gene product is made in the offspring. In the F1, the red gene is present, so some red pigment is made (but not as much as in the red parent, which has two red genes) and the flowers are pink. ...
BIOL212Experience1keyAPR2012
... The components (other than sugar backbone) of DNA & RNA (for the four above, key has minimum answers.) 55.) How does the concept of descent with modification explain both the unity and diversity of life? (10 points) Unity: all organisms have similar cell structure, protein synthesis, membrane transp ...
... The components (other than sugar backbone) of DNA & RNA (for the four above, key has minimum answers.) 55.) How does the concept of descent with modification explain both the unity and diversity of life? (10 points) Unity: all organisms have similar cell structure, protein synthesis, membrane transp ...
sl revision notes on theoretical genetics
... Assign a symbol for each allele (will depend which allele is dominant). Determine the genotype of each parent. Determine the two possible kinds of gametes each parent can make. Determine the gene combinations. Determine the phenotypes of each potential offspring. Calculate the genotypic and phenotyp ...
... Assign a symbol for each allele (will depend which allele is dominant). Determine the genotype of each parent. Determine the two possible kinds of gametes each parent can make. Determine the gene combinations. Determine the phenotypes of each potential offspring. Calculate the genotypic and phenotyp ...
AP Biology Study Guide
... Explain how canine genetics can provide insight into human inheritance. Mendel’s Laws Describe pangenesis theory and the blending hypothesis. Explain why both ideas are now rejected. Explain why Mendel’s decision to work with peas was a good choice. Define and distinguish between true-breeding organ ...
... Explain how canine genetics can provide insight into human inheritance. Mendel’s Laws Describe pangenesis theory and the blending hypothesis. Explain why both ideas are now rejected. Explain why Mendel’s decision to work with peas was a good choice. Define and distinguish between true-breeding organ ...
Hardy-Weinberg - ViewpointAPBiology
... well within these "partially defective" red blood cells. Thus, heterozygotes tend to survive better than either of the homozygous conditions. If 9% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be more resistant to malaria beca ...
... well within these "partially defective" red blood cells. Thus, heterozygotes tend to survive better than either of the homozygous conditions. If 9% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be more resistant to malaria beca ...
Fish Cell Biology/Genetics Basics
... development. For clarity, the pigmentation pattern is omitted from B and C. It is shown in D and E. Most of the structures that can be seen in a living embryo with a compound microscope are labeled. (From Haffter et al., 1996. Reproduced with permission from The Company of Biologists.) ...
... development. For clarity, the pigmentation pattern is omitted from B and C. It is shown in D and E. Most of the structures that can be seen in a living embryo with a compound microscope are labeled. (From Haffter et al., 1996. Reproduced with permission from The Company of Biologists.) ...
Technology Review (Cambridge, Mass
... the location of a gene along a chromosome can be determined. Explain how alleles (which are variable forms of a gene) can arise and how they may be expressed. ■ Describe the basic principles of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel, including the concepts of dominant and recessive traits, segregat ...
... the location of a gene along a chromosome can be determined. Explain how alleles (which are variable forms of a gene) can arise and how they may be expressed. ■ Describe the basic principles of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel, including the concepts of dominant and recessive traits, segregat ...
Non-Mendelian Inheritance -
... B. Draw a Punnett square for the cross and then identify the flower color phenotypes and theoretical percentage, and number of plants expected from these seeds. Phenotype ...
... B. Draw a Punnett square for the cross and then identify the flower color phenotypes and theoretical percentage, and number of plants expected from these seeds. Phenotype ...
Chapter Expectations Language of Biology
... the genotype by observation alone? Explain. (b) Mendel worked out a method for determining the genotype when he could not tell just by looking at the phenotype alone. What was the system he developed? Explain the genotypes he determined using this system. 8. A pedigree is a diagram that shows how a ...
... the genotype by observation alone? Explain. (b) Mendel worked out a method for determining the genotype when he could not tell just by looking at the phenotype alone. What was the system he developed? Explain the genotypes he determined using this system. 8. A pedigree is a diagram that shows how a ...
Pedigree Worksheet Name: Date: ______ Pd: ___ You can use a
... chromosome only, a male represented by a clear square will have the genotype XNY. A darkened square will be XnY. Label the genotype under each individual on the pedigree. 8. Females with hemophilia have an easy genotype to identify. They are all X nXn. Both recessive alleles must be present for a fe ...
... chromosome only, a male represented by a clear square will have the genotype XNY. A darkened square will be XnY. Label the genotype under each individual on the pedigree. 8. Females with hemophilia have an easy genotype to identify. They are all X nXn. Both recessive alleles must be present for a fe ...
Population Genetics and the Hardy-Weinberg Equation
... • These scientists figured out an equation that can be used to figure out the percentages of alleles and genotypes that are in a population. ...
... • These scientists figured out an equation that can be used to figure out the percentages of alleles and genotypes that are in a population. ...
Section 2
... Since color-blindness is a recessive trait, the color-blind daughter must be homozygous recessive. If the color-blindness is the X-linked red-green color-blindness, then John has grounds for divorce because he could not have transmitted a color-blind X chromosome to the daughter. If the type of colo ...
... Since color-blindness is a recessive trait, the color-blind daughter must be homozygous recessive. If the color-blindness is the X-linked red-green color-blindness, then John has grounds for divorce because he could not have transmitted a color-blind X chromosome to the daughter. If the type of colo ...
ppt notes on genetics - Madeira City Schools
... Easy to grow and to identify traits Quick and easy to produce many ...
... Easy to grow and to identify traits Quick and easy to produce many ...
Dominance (genetics)
Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus. The first allele is dominant and the second allele is recessive. For genes on an autosome (any chromosome other than a sex chromosome), the alleles and their associated traits are autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. Dominance is a key concept in Mendelian inheritance and classical genetics. Often the dominant allele codes for a functional protein whereas the recessive allele does not.A classic example of dominance is the inheritance of seed shape, for example a pea shape in peas. Peas may be round, associated with allele R or wrinkled, associated with allele r. In this case, three combinations of alleles (genotypes) are possible: RR, Rr, and rr. The RR individuals have round peas and the rr individuals have wrinkled peas. In Rr individuals the R allele masks the presence of the r allele, so these individuals also have round peas. Thus, allele R is dominant to allele r, and allele r is recessive to allele R. This use of upper case letters for dominant alleles and lower caseones for recessive alleles is a widely followed convention.More generally, where a gene exists in two allelic versions (designated A and a), three combinations of alleles are possible: AA, Aa, and aa. If AA and aa individuals (homozygotes) show different forms of some trait (phenotypes), and Aa individuals (heterozygotes) show the same phenotype as AA individuals, then allele A is said to dominate or be dominant to or show dominance to allele a, and a is said to be recessive to A.Dominance is not inherent to an allele. It is a relationship between alleles; one allele can be dominant over a second allele, recessive to a third allele, and codominant to a fourth. Also, an allele may be dominant for a particular aspect of phenotype but not for other aspects influenced by the same gene. Dominance differs from epistasis, a relationship in which an allele of one gene affects the expression of another allele at a different gene.