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The phases of meiosis II
The phases of meiosis II

... Mitosis makes identical or exact copies of the parent cell and the cells are diploid or 2n. Meiosis makes new cells from the parent cell that is haploid or n. ...
notes File
notes File

... In females one X chromosome is randomly selected for modification. This chromosome will (with the exception of about 3 dozen genes) remain condensed and inactive. This happens very early on in development (about 200 cells big). It is random within all these early cells, but from then on all cells th ...
Quiz Tomorrow - Somers Public Schools
Quiz Tomorrow - Somers Public Schools

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Introduction to Genetics
Introduction to Genetics

...  The reassortment of chromosomes and the genetic information that they carry by segregation and crossing over.  For example:  In humans, n = 23, so the number of different gametes that can be produced is 223 (more than 8 million).  When fertilization occurs, 223 x 223, or 70 trillion different z ...
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... Humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes ...
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Grade 9 Science - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
Grade 9 Science - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca

... 2 single-stranded chromosomes at the end of each cell. The cell membrane begins to pinch together and new nuclear membranes form. There are 2 double stranded chromosomes at each end of the cell. There are 2 cells. In each, Double stranded chromosomes are pulled apart into singles stranded chromosome ...
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... Give the genotype and phenotype of the offspring. Genotype is what letters you use to represent a gene, such as Tt, or tt. Phenotype is what the baby would look like physically (tall, short, etc) 10. Mitosis is used to produce somatic cells, meaning all cells but sperm and egg. What would the mitosi ...
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Cell Division Study Guide:

... Which type of reproduction produces very different offspring?____________________ Human body cells have _______________ total chromosomes _________ of them are the sex chromosomes - Having 2 X chromosomes (XX) makes you __________________________. - Having an X and a Y chromosome makes you _________ ...
Cell Division Notes - Renton School District
Cell Division Notes - Renton School District

... • Cells are diploid (two sets of chromosomes) • Gametes, reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) are haploid (only one set of chromosomes) ...
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IV. Diagnosing Gene Disorders

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... _____ 15) When Mendel used true-breeding white flowers (recessive trait) and true-breeding purple flowers (dominant trait) as the parental generation, he observed that: A) all offspring had white flowers. B) all offspring had purple flowers. C) 3/4 of the flowers produced by offspring were purple an ...
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Chromosomes & Inheritance

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... 3. genes carry codes to make a single protein or many proteins 4. one or many genes may determine a particular trait 5. genes can be turned on or off 6. genes are passed on C. Variation between different organisms 1. all individuals of a particular species of organism have the same normal number of ...
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... Eukaryote Reproduction -how multi-celled organisms grow -multiple chromosomes -ploid (n)= Chromosome Anatomy: 1. Centromere= 2. Telomere= Gene= -Homologous chromosomes= -Allele= -Diploid # or 2n -c’some replication= 4n -sister chromatids= -c’some reduction= -haploid (1n)= ...
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Gregor Mendel - BHMS

... Examples include colorblindness and hemophilia ____________ have a backup (or ___________ gene) for a recessive gene in the 2nd X chromosome  _______ only have 1 X chromosome, so they are more likely to have _____ _____________ disorders Genetic Counseling  Genetic _______________ can be traced th ...
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Chapter 14 Human Genetics

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Mendel and Heredity
Mendel and Heredity

... This is what makes us all genetically unique!! Greater variation occurs during a process called crossing over This is where homologous chromosomes exchange segments during Prophase I Figure 6.20 (pg 190) Sometimes occurring many times on the same chromosomes ...
Mendel and Meiosis
Mendel and Meiosis

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... division of cytoplasm and the degeneration of polar body • Oogenesis describes the production of female gametes (ova) within the ovary • The process begins during foetal development, when a large number of cells (oogonia) are formed by mitosis before undergoing a period of growth • These cells begin ...
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Polyploid



Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.
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