(2014) On the origin of sex chromosomes from meiotic drive
... a meiotic driver favours the spread of a novel sex-determining allele in a dioecious population using environmental cues for sex determination (the model also applies to an initially outbreeding cosexual population). Once this allele is established in the population, it causes a biased sex ratio. We ...
... a meiotic driver favours the spread of a novel sex-determining allele in a dioecious population using environmental cues for sex determination (the model also applies to an initially outbreeding cosexual population). Once this allele is established in the population, it causes a biased sex ratio. We ...
Plant speciation through chromosome instability and ploidy change
... Multivalent: Physical linkage of three or more chromosomes at the meiotic diakinesis-metaphase I stages through establishment of genetic cross-overs or chiasmata. Neo-functionalization: The acquisition of novel function in one of a pair of genes resulting from a gene or a whole genome duplication ev ...
... Multivalent: Physical linkage of three or more chromosomes at the meiotic diakinesis-metaphase I stages through establishment of genetic cross-overs or chiasmata. Neo-functionalization: The acquisition of novel function in one of a pair of genes resulting from a gene or a whole genome duplication ev ...
Quantitative trait loci affecting amylose, amylopectin and starch
... soluble polymer. The AM:AP ratio is rather constant and close to 20/80, in the wild type but it may be strongly affected by mutations. Amylose-free kernels are produced by the waxy mutation. Conversely, the amylose extender mutation leads to a higher amylose proportion than in the wild type. Sugary ...
... soluble polymer. The AM:AP ratio is rather constant and close to 20/80, in the wild type but it may be strongly affected by mutations. Amylose-free kernels are produced by the waxy mutation. Conversely, the amylose extender mutation leads to a higher amylose proportion than in the wild type. Sugary ...
1 Modeling Endosymbiosis Name Section Overall goal – to visualize
... Tape the wall to the outside of the membrane with two small pieces of tape Prokaryotic circular chromosome - purple 4” - wrap it tightly around a pen, tape the ends together to make the circular chromosome, flatten it, and loosely tape it to the membrane. 2. Smaller heterotrophic eukaryote #1 model ...
... Tape the wall to the outside of the membrane with two small pieces of tape Prokaryotic circular chromosome - purple 4” - wrap it tightly around a pen, tape the ends together to make the circular chromosome, flatten it, and loosely tape it to the membrane. 2. Smaller heterotrophic eukaryote #1 model ...
A Haploid System of Sex Determination in the Brown Alga - Hal-CEA
... The SDR is flanked by two large recombining regions, which we refer to as pseudoautosomal (PAR) domains. Analysis of molecular marker segregation [26] indicates that these regions recombine during meiosis, unlike the SDR (Figure 1B). The PAR had gene density, intron length, and percent GC content in ...
... The SDR is flanked by two large recombining regions, which we refer to as pseudoautosomal (PAR) domains. Analysis of molecular marker segregation [26] indicates that these regions recombine during meiosis, unlike the SDR (Figure 1B). The PAR had gene density, intron length, and percent GC content in ...
Mendel`s Work - the science center
... Heredity is the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring. Gregor Mendel was curious about the different forms of characteristics, or traits, of pea plants. Mendel’s work was the foundation of genetics, the scientific study of heredity. A new organism begins to form when egg and ...
... Heredity is the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring. Gregor Mendel was curious about the different forms of characteristics, or traits, of pea plants. Mendel’s work was the foundation of genetics, the scientific study of heredity. A new organism begins to form when egg and ...
Ectocarpus
... two members of the Archeaplastidea lineage: the liverwort Marchantia (which has a fully sequenced V but a partially identified U chromosome) [12] and a UV pair of unknown age in the green alga Volvox [13], together with more fragmentary information recently obtained for the moss Ceratodon [14]. Clea ...
... two members of the Archeaplastidea lineage: the liverwort Marchantia (which has a fully sequenced V but a partially identified U chromosome) [12] and a UV pair of unknown age in the green alga Volvox [13], together with more fragmentary information recently obtained for the moss Ceratodon [14]. Clea ...
Speciation in Drosophila: From Phenotypes to Molecules
... For most of the last 20 years, these types of genetic studies were performed at the classical genetic level. A large set of backcross, F2, and introgression analyses allowed mapping and counting of chromosome regions causing reproductive isolation and shed light on a number of genetic problems, incl ...
... For most of the last 20 years, these types of genetic studies were performed at the classical genetic level. A large set of backcross, F2, and introgression analyses allowed mapping and counting of chromosome regions causing reproductive isolation and shed light on a number of genetic problems, incl ...
Speciation in Drosophila: From Phenotypes to Molecules
... For most of the last 20 years, these types of genetic studies were performed at the classical genetic level. A large set of backcross, F2, and introgression analyses allowed mapping and counting of chromosome regions causing reproductive isolation and shed light on a number of genetic problems, incl ...
... For most of the last 20 years, these types of genetic studies were performed at the classical genetic level. A large set of backcross, F2, and introgression analyses allowed mapping and counting of chromosome regions causing reproductive isolation and shed light on a number of genetic problems, incl ...
Compiler Optimization: A Genetic Algorithm Approach
... optimized in the generated object code [3]. Compiler optimization is generally implemented using a sequence of optimizing transformations. The implementation of the algorithms take a program as input and converts it to produce an output with the same functionality as the unoptimized code with improv ...
... optimized in the generated object code [3]. Compiler optimization is generally implemented using a sequence of optimizing transformations. The implementation of the algorithms take a program as input and converts it to produce an output with the same functionality as the unoptimized code with improv ...
Balanced reciprocal translocation at amniocentesis - FUNPEC-RP
... serum (12.2%, 9/74), and a parent with an abnormal karyotype (17.6%, 13/74). Balkan et al. (2011) reported that the highest detection rate of chromosome aberrations was in cases undergoing amniocentesis for abnormal maternal serum screening combined with abnormal ultrasound findings (8.0%). Meng et ...
... serum (12.2%, 9/74), and a parent with an abnormal karyotype (17.6%, 13/74). Balkan et al. (2011) reported that the highest detection rate of chromosome aberrations was in cases undergoing amniocentesis for abnormal maternal serum screening combined with abnormal ultrasound findings (8.0%). Meng et ...
17. Prof. K. P. Bhatia: Paroxysmal Movement Disorders
... Two separate groups reported linkage to microsatellite markers on distal 2q (2q31-q36).20,21 This was further confirmed in a British family,53 a North American family of German descent and a Japanese family, all with typical PNKD with autosmal dominant inhertitance.53-55 It appears that there is gen ...
... Two separate groups reported linkage to microsatellite markers on distal 2q (2q31-q36).20,21 This was further confirmed in a British family,53 a North American family of German descent and a Japanese family, all with typical PNKD with autosmal dominant inhertitance.53-55 It appears that there is gen ...
Extrapolation to the whole human genome
... notable differences in the pseudogene density and the gene density (either processed and non-processed), where they are observed for both the GenomeScan genes and the Riken/Sanger complete sets of gene annotations. We find that the most notable increased density for both processed and non-processed ...
... notable differences in the pseudogene density and the gene density (either processed and non-processed), where they are observed for both the GenomeScan genes and the Riken/Sanger complete sets of gene annotations. We find that the most notable increased density for both processed and non-processed ...
11.4 Notes
... In males, spermatogenesis occurs in the testes. A diploid germ cell divides twice to form four new sperm cells. In females, oogenesis occurs in the ovaries. One egg cell (ovum) is produced and 3 polar bodies (all of which will die). Eggs stay in Prophase I until puberty. Meiosis I is completed at pu ...
... In males, spermatogenesis occurs in the testes. A diploid germ cell divides twice to form four new sperm cells. In females, oogenesis occurs in the ovaries. One egg cell (ovum) is produced and 3 polar bodies (all of which will die). Eggs stay in Prophase I until puberty. Meiosis I is completed at pu ...
Repeat-induced point mutation and the population
... sequences, such that they are not only altered but also become dissimilar because not all the same cytosine residues are changed in both copies. Finally, RIP occurs at a much higher rate between a pair of duplicated sequences when they are located on the same chromosome, and more so when they are in ...
... sequences, such that they are not only altered but also become dissimilar because not all the same cytosine residues are changed in both copies. Finally, RIP occurs at a much higher rate between a pair of duplicated sequences when they are located on the same chromosome, and more so when they are in ...
abnormalities of chromosome structure
... In general, loss of chromosome material has more serious consequences than duplication of chromosome material. Aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes is less serious than that of the autosomes. Y chromosome very little genetic material is located on this chromosome. X chromosome inactivation ...
... In general, loss of chromosome material has more serious consequences than duplication of chromosome material. Aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes is less serious than that of the autosomes. Y chromosome very little genetic material is located on this chromosome. X chromosome inactivation ...
In-class assignment: Fukuda et al. (2016) paper
... knocked out, both transcript levels drop, suggesting that Oct4 is a positive regulator of expression of both genes. It is surprising for two genes with antagonistic functions to have the same positive regulator. Usually, the cell will express two antagonistic genes differentially, so the results are ...
... knocked out, both transcript levels drop, suggesting that Oct4 is a positive regulator of expression of both genes. It is surprising for two genes with antagonistic functions to have the same positive regulator. Usually, the cell will express two antagonistic genes differentially, so the results are ...
Genomic overview of serine proteases
... ends of each of these clusters did not reveal any sequence similarity to serine proteases. We also mapped the four serine proteases that form a cluster on chromosome 14q11.2–q11.3 and found that all genes are transcribed from telomere to centromere. Genes of this cluster are generally smaller (2.7–3 ...
... ends of each of these clusters did not reveal any sequence similarity to serine proteases. We also mapped the four serine proteases that form a cluster on chromosome 14q11.2–q11.3 and found that all genes are transcribed from telomere to centromere. Genes of this cluster are generally smaller (2.7–3 ...
to the complete text - David Moore`s World of Fungi
... thousand, if we want to obtain a believable result. But there is a better way. Much more information is obtained from a cross if three rather than two genetic markers are followed. In three-point crosses, recombination frequencies are obtained in the usual way but they also allow the relative order ...
... thousand, if we want to obtain a believable result. But there is a better way. Much more information is obtained from a cross if three rather than two genetic markers are followed. In three-point crosses, recombination frequencies are obtained in the usual way but they also allow the relative order ...
in yeast pontecorvo, roper, hemmons, jacob
... was tested. All were found to sporulate and 4-spored asci, although infrequent, were dissected for tetrad analysis. Thirty-eight gave a 4:0 segregation as expected. Since recombination between linked markers on either side of the centromere was fairly frequent, it was concluded that in general homoz ...
... was tested. All were found to sporulate and 4-spored asci, although infrequent, were dissected for tetrad analysis. Thirty-eight gave a 4:0 segregation as expected. Since recombination between linked markers on either side of the centromere was fairly frequent, it was concluded that in general homoz ...
Egg production
... double yolked eggs were analysed on an age basis relative to first egg using AFE and egg production as a covariate. Background genetic effects were also fitted. Method: ii) Candidate genes. i) Candidate genes were selected because of their function alone or because of their function combined with th ...
... double yolked eggs were analysed on an age basis relative to first egg using AFE and egg production as a covariate. Background genetic effects were also fitted. Method: ii) Candidate genes. i) Candidate genes were selected because of their function alone or because of their function combined with th ...
Water in plants and animals
... Know that these are often polyploid and understand (from earlier notes) how polyploidy occurs. Know advantageous features of hybrid crop plants. Know the definition of the term species. Know that speciation is an evolutionary process whereby one species can give rise to a number of new species. Und ...
... Know that these are often polyploid and understand (from earlier notes) how polyploidy occurs. Know advantageous features of hybrid crop plants. Know the definition of the term species. Know that speciation is an evolutionary process whereby one species can give rise to a number of new species. Und ...
Unified display of Arabidopsis thaliana physical maps from AtDB, the
... of coalescing Arabidopsis genomic sequences to build segments of contiguous sequence that will be placed on the physical map. Sequencing is being conducted at a rapid rate by the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative (AGI), which comprises six main groups: three US, one Japanese, one French and one European ...
... of coalescing Arabidopsis genomic sequences to build segments of contiguous sequence that will be placed on the physical map. Sequencing is being conducted at a rapid rate by the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative (AGI), which comprises six main groups: three US, one Japanese, one French and one European ...
Concepts of Biology
... Mendel performed seven types of monohybrid crosses, each involving contrasting traits for different characteristics. Out of these crosses, all of the F1 offspring had the phenotype of one parent, and the F2 offspring had a 3:1 phenotypic ratio. On the basis of these results, Mendel postulated that e ...
... Mendel performed seven types of monohybrid crosses, each involving contrasting traits for different characteristics. Out of these crosses, all of the F1 offspring had the phenotype of one parent, and the F2 offspring had a 3:1 phenotypic ratio. On the basis of these results, Mendel postulated that e ...
8 PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE |
... Mendel performed seven types of monohybrid crosses, each involving contrasting traits for different characteristics. Out of these crosses, all of the F1 offspring had the phenotype of one parent, and the F2 offspring had a 3:1 phenotypic ratio. On the basis of these results, Mendel postulated that e ...
... Mendel performed seven types of monohybrid crosses, each involving contrasting traits for different characteristics. Out of these crosses, all of the F1 offspring had the phenotype of one parent, and the F2 offspring had a 3:1 phenotypic ratio. On the basis of these results, Mendel postulated that e ...
Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes (allosomes) in mammals, including humans, and many other animals. The other is the X chromosome. Y is the sex-determining chromosome in many species, since it is the presence or absence of Y that determines the male or female sex of offspring produced in sexual reproduction. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the gene SRY, which triggers testis development. The DNA in the human Y chromosome is composed of about 59 million base pairs. The Y chromosome is passed only from father to son. With a 30% difference between humans and chimpanzees, the Y chromosome is one of the fastest evolving parts of the human genome. To date, over 200 Y-linked genes have been identified. All Y-linked genes are expressed and (apart from duplicated genes) hemizygous (present on only one chromosome) except in the cases of aneuploidy such as XYY syndrome or XXYY syndrome. (See Y linkage.)