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... level. So it should be checked and only if the condition is persisting after repeated cycles then the motor needs to be isolated. Once isolated the loco pilot cannot reinstall it until it is checked thoroughly by the shed technicians. The technicians can get a complete log of the run time problems t ...
DG540-2.pdf
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... circuit. Any tendency for this current to in cation Serial No. 531,671, flied by myself and an crease causes an increase in the negative voltage other on April 18, 1944, and entitled “Electrical 25 across the cathode self-bias resistor which re- ` device,” and consists of a special vacuum tube duces ...
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... demonstrate resulting operational characteristics. Experimental results are used to show operational characteristics of the proposed converter. ...
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슬라이드 1 - Chonbuk

... (a) A circuit containing parallel resistors (b) The circuit after the ideal voltmeter has been replaced by the equivalent open circuit and a label has been added to indicated the voltage measured by the voltmeter, vm. (c) The circuit after the parallel resistors have been replaced by an equivalent r ...
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... design of a nonsynchronous buck topology power supply. The MAX5089 is for the design of a synchronous buck topology power supply. These devices operate from a 4.5V to 5.5V or 5.5V to 23V input voltage and a 200kHz to 2.2MHz resistor-programmable switching frequency. The voltage-mode architecture wit ...
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... symptom similar one where there is an open stator wire or open diode in the alternator. If the voltage on F1 is 0 or close , check for a ground short on F1 on the alternator or wire from F on ACU. If there is a field-to-ground short, the ACU will turn itself off & turn its built-in Trouble-Shooting ...
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Introduction in to Amplifiers File

... to operate within its “Active Region” some form of “Base Biasing” was required. This small Base Bias voltage added to the input signal allowed the transistor to reproduce the full input waveform at its output with no loss of signal. However, by altering the position of this Base bias voltage, it is ...
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... and 17 (exposed pad) are connected to each other internally. Pins 2 and 4 are connected to each other internally and function as the ground return for the LO signal. Pins 10 and 12 are connected to each other internally and function as the ground return for the on-chip RF balun. For best RF performa ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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