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Lecture 8:
Lecture 8:

Beam Position – Capacitive Monitors (1) - ab-abp-frankz
Beam Position – Capacitive Monitors (1) - ab-abp-frankz

Special Sample and Hold Techniques Special Sample
Special Sample and Hold Techniques Special Sample

MAX1758 Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch General Description
MAX1758 Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch General Description

... The MAX1758 is a switch-mode lithium-ion (Li+) battery charger that charges one-to-four cells. It provides a regulated charging current accurate to ±10% and a regulated voltage with only a ±0.8% total voltage error at the battery terminals. The internal high-side switch delivers a programmable curre ...
MAX3869 +3.3V, 2.5Gbps SDH/SONET Laser Driver with Current Monitors and APC General Description
MAX3869 +3.3V, 2.5Gbps SDH/SONET Laser Driver with Current Monitors and APC General Description

... and provides bias and modulation currents for driving a laser. A synchronizing input latch can be used (if a clock signal is available) to reduce jitter. An automatic power control (APC) feedback loop is incorporated to maintain a constant average optical power over temperature and lifetime. The wid ...
Next-Generation Interconnect Research at Fujitsu Laboratories
Next-Generation Interconnect Research at Fujitsu Laboratories

... back where we started. The bottom line for HSIO circuit designers is that signal attenuation increases with the frequency, making it difficult to simply increase the symbol rate. But it gets worse. A stream of “1” and “0” symbols at a frequency, f, actually contains energy content at a range of freq ...
MAX4400–MAX4403 Single/Dual/Quad, Low-Cost, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with Shutdown General Description
MAX4400–MAX4403 Single/Dual/Quad, Low-Cost, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with Shutdown General Description

... amps offer rail-to-rail outputs, draw only 320µA of quiescent current, and operate from a single +2.5V to +5.5V supply. For additional power conservation, the MAX4401 offers a low-power shutdown mode that reduces supply current to 1µA (max) and puts the amplifier’s output in a high-impedance state. ...
012381387AY
012381387AY

7.3 Voltage EmergenciesPDF
7.3 Voltage EmergenciesPDF

... • PJM has identified several circuits that, in the past, have been effective  in controlling general PJM RTO high voltage conditions when they are  removed from service ...
Lesson 2 Resistance
Lesson 2 Resistance

... Insulators are materials that greatly resist the flow of electrons. Here are some examples: glass oil fiberglass ceramic (dry) cotton (dry) wood air pure water ...
FAN3100 Single 2A High-Speed, Low-Side Gate Driver
FAN3100 Single 2A High-Speed, Low-Side Gate Driver

... SOT23-5 package, the board reference is defined as the PCB copper adjacent to pin 2. Psi_JT (ΨJT): Thermal characterization parameter providing correlation between the semiconductor junction temperature and the center of the top of the package for the thermal environment defined in Note 4. ...
Thevenin`s Theorem
Thevenin`s Theorem

Bus Edison Fuse Rating Guide
Bus Edison Fuse Rating Guide

... A-C rated fuses should not be applied in D-C voltage circuits unless D-C application ratings are provided by the fuse manufacturer. Except for some special purpose fuses, D-C ratings are not usually shown on fuse labels. EDISON Time/Current Curves, Peak Let-Through Curves are based on 60 Hertz A-C d ...
Schmartboard Active Filter Board
Schmartboard Active Filter Board

Understanding Overcurrent Circuit Protectors
Understanding Overcurrent Circuit Protectors

... Low level current overloads are very dangerous because of the large amount of heat generated over extended time periods. Typical source for such overload condition is a “sneak current” caused by gradual breakdown of insulation. Any arcing during the fuse operation will be a function of the open circ ...
INCH-POUND MIL-PRF-83536/11B 15 July 2002 SUPERSEDING
INCH-POUND MIL-PRF-83536/11B 15 July 2002 SUPERSEDING

... 1/ Each relay possesses high level and low level capabilities. However, relays previously tested or used above 10 mA resistive at 6 V dc maximum or peak ac open circuits are not recommended for subsequent use in low level applications. 2/ The suffix letter L, M, P, or R to designate the applicable f ...
IK3115771581
IK3115771581

MAX3212 +2.7V to +3.6V-Powered, 1µA Supply Current, 3-Driver/5-Receiver, True RS-232 Transceiver _______________General Description
MAX3212 +2.7V to +3.6V-Powered, 1µA Supply Current, 3-Driver/5-Receiver, True RS-232 Transceiver _______________General Description

... MAX3212, with 3 RS-232 drivers and 5 RS-232 receivers, is intended for 2.7V to 3.6V-powered EIA/TIA-232E and V.28/V.24 serial interface. True RS-232 levels are maintained across the operating range. A guaranteed data rate of 235kbps provides compatibility with popular software for communicating with ...
Understanding and using LLC Converters to Great
Understanding and using LLC Converters to Great

... If we do a similar analysis for the turn-off transition (right side of Figure 1), we will see that for the switch current to start decreasing by even a small amount, the diode must first be “positioned” (in terms of voltage) to take up any current coming its way (relinquished by the switch). So the ...
Cascadable Amplifier 10 kHz to 2500 MHz
Cascadable Amplifier 10 kHz to 2500 MHz

Signal Integrity for Vacuum Processing Systems
Signal Integrity for Vacuum Processing Systems

... The current flowing in the load causes potential drops across the loop resistances, and this can seriously affect the operation of the circuit. In Figure 2, the voltages dropped by the loop current across R1 and R 2 cause the measured voltage to differ from the actual voltage across the load. Also, ...
H3AM - OMRON Industrial Automation
H3AM - OMRON Industrial Automation

Control Algorithms for Voltage Regulated Distribution Transformers
Control Algorithms for Voltage Regulated Distribution Transformers

... of high load (in order to compensate voltage drops) and lowered in times of high feed-in, which is determined by measuring the load flow across the transformer. UN +dU(P)-UB ≤U≤UN +dU(P)+UB PSA is similar to line drop compensation, which has been available for primary substation transformers for lon ...
Linear Current Starved Delay Element
Linear Current Starved Delay Element

HMC493LP3 / 493LP3E
HMC493LP3 / 493LP3E

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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