N CMOS SYNTHESIZER IC
... In a synthesizer low N-divider ratios are important, as high division ratios would amplify in-band phase noise. The design methods deployed as part of this research achieve low division ratios (4 ≤ N ≤ 33) and a high phase comparison frequency (>100 MHz). The synthesizer IC employs a first-order fra ...
... In a synthesizer low N-divider ratios are important, as high division ratios would amplify in-band phase noise. The design methods deployed as part of this research achieve low division ratios (4 ≤ N ≤ 33) and a high phase comparison frequency (>100 MHz). The synthesizer IC employs a first-order fra ...
review of ground fault protection methods for
... impedance equal to or slightly less than the total system capacitive reactance to ground. The high-impedance grounding method limits ground fault current to 25 A or less. High-resistance grounding limits transient overvoltages to safe values during ground faults. The grounding resistor may be connec ...
... impedance equal to or slightly less than the total system capacitive reactance to ground. The high-impedance grounding method limits ground fault current to 25 A or less. High-resistance grounding limits transient overvoltages to safe values during ground faults. The grounding resistor may be connec ...
ZTX751 Features Mechanical Data
... Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Customers shall indemnify and hold Diodes Incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any c ...
... Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Customers shall indemnify and hold Diodes Incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any c ...
MAX16016/MAX16020/MAX16021 Low-Power µP Supervisory Circuits with Battery-Backup Circuit and Chip-Enable Gating General Description
... to maintain data or low-power operation for memories, real-time clocks (RTCs), and other digital logic when the main power is removed. 3) Provide memory write protection through internal chip-enable gating during brownout. 4) Provide a combination of additional supervisory functions listed in the Fe ...
... to maintain data or low-power operation for memories, real-time clocks (RTCs), and other digital logic when the main power is removed. 3) Provide memory write protection through internal chip-enable gating during brownout. 4) Provide a combination of additional supervisory functions listed in the Fe ...
Fundamental Noise Concepts
... the detection of weak signals, and the distortion products limit the upper level of detectable power. We need to understand the nature of this noise. Early research at Bell Labs showed the relationship between the voltage generated by this random electron movement and its volatility with respect to ...
... the detection of weak signals, and the distortion products limit the upper level of detectable power. We need to understand the nature of this noise. Early research at Bell Labs showed the relationship between the voltage generated by this random electron movement and its volatility with respect to ...
The GA is a high-performance/low noise general
... Red lamp lights in DRIVE mode and goes out in PRGM mode. Rotation Direction Display Red lamp lights in DRIVE mode and goes out in PRGM mode. REMOTE Mode Red lamp lights when controlled by external terminal commands. SEQ: When RUN/STOP signal is selected from terminals. REF: When frequency reference ...
... Red lamp lights in DRIVE mode and goes out in PRGM mode. Rotation Direction Display Red lamp lights in DRIVE mode and goes out in PRGM mode. REMOTE Mode Red lamp lights when controlled by external terminal commands. SEQ: When RUN/STOP signal is selected from terminals. REF: When frequency reference ...
Multilevel Converters: Dual Two
... Even with other friends the relations have changed during these years, but in a slighter way. We are still meeting every week and we are still doing the same things as three years ago. Different places, different behaviours, but we continue to get fun together and to help one another. Hence, I want ...
... Even with other friends the relations have changed during these years, but in a slighter way. We are still meeting every week and we are still doing the same things as three years ago. Different places, different behaviours, but we continue to get fun together and to help one another. Hence, I want ...
NB6L239 - Any Differential Clock IN to Differential
... Internal Input Pulldown Resistor Internal Input Pullup Resistor ...
... Internal Input Pulldown Resistor Internal Input Pullup Resistor ...
Design and construction of a numerical over current relay
... Electrical Power System protection is required for protection of both user and the system equipment itself from fault, hence electrical power system is not allowed to operate without any protection devices installed. Power System fault is defined as undesirable condition that occurs in the power sys ...
... Electrical Power System protection is required for protection of both user and the system equipment itself from fault, hence electrical power system is not allowed to operate without any protection devices installed. Power System fault is defined as undesirable condition that occurs in the power sys ...
Part V Busbar Systems - Electrical Engineering Book
... Cables are too compact (Appendix 16). If we can create similar conditions in a bus system also, so as to be able to place the conductors together, we can achieve similar compactness in busbars also. This technique is effectively and meticulously developed and utilized by some manufacturers by provid ...
... Cables are too compact (Appendix 16). If we can create similar conditions in a bus system also, so as to be able to place the conductors together, we can achieve similar compactness in busbars also. This technique is effectively and meticulously developed and utilized by some manufacturers by provid ...
Mitigation of Magnetizing Inrush Current using Sequential Phase
... Energization of a transformer under no load or lightly loaded conditions may result in inrush current with high amplitude that can be comparable with the fault currents. These currents have undesirable effects, including malfunction of the differential relay, mechanical and thermal stresses on trans ...
... Energization of a transformer under no load or lightly loaded conditions may result in inrush current with high amplitude that can be comparable with the fault currents. These currents have undesirable effects, including malfunction of the differential relay, mechanical and thermal stresses on trans ...
system> eg SENTRON
... task in accordance with the relevant documentation, in particular its warning notices and safety instructions. Qualified personnel are those who, based on their training and experience, are capable of identifying risks and avoiding potential hazards when working with these products/systems. ...
... task in accordance with the relevant documentation, in particular its warning notices and safety instructions. Qualified personnel are those who, based on their training and experience, are capable of identifying risks and avoiding potential hazards when working with these products/systems. ...
MAX16033–MAX16040 Low-Power Battery Backup Circuits in Small µDFN Packages General Description
... The MAX16033–MAX16040 supervisory circuits reduce the complexity and number of components required for power-supply monitoring and battery control functions in microprocessor (µP) systems. The devices significantly improve system reliability and accuracy compared to other ICs or discrete components. ...
... The MAX16033–MAX16040 supervisory circuits reduce the complexity and number of components required for power-supply monitoring and battery control functions in microprocessor (µP) systems. The devices significantly improve system reliability and accuracy compared to other ICs or discrete components. ...
7 Series FPGAs PCB Design and Pin Planning Guide
... PCB Technology Basics Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are electrical systems, with electrical properties as complicated as the discrete components and devices mounted to them. The PCB designer has complete control over many aspects of the PCB; however, current technology places constraints and limits ...
... PCB Technology Basics Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are electrical systems, with electrical properties as complicated as the discrete components and devices mounted to them. The PCB designer has complete control over many aspects of the PCB; however, current technology places constraints and limits ...
Resistive opto-isolator
Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.