Circulating Current and DC Current Ripple Control in MMC Under
... Modular multilevel Converter (MMC), as a type of multilevel VSC, is first introduced in reference [3]. MMC requires much smaller size of grid side filter, since the output voltage of MMC has lower harmonics [4]. With the extensibility of several hundred of output voltage levels, MMC is ideal for hig ...
... Modular multilevel Converter (MMC), as a type of multilevel VSC, is first introduced in reference [3]. MMC requires much smaller size of grid side filter, since the output voltage of MMC has lower harmonics [4]. With the extensibility of several hundred of output voltage levels, MMC is ideal for hig ...
LTM8020 - 200mA, 36V DC/DC uModule
... X5R and X7R types are stable over temperature and applied voltage and give dependable service. Other types, including Y5V and Z5U have very large temperature and voltage coefficients of capacitance. In an application circuit they may have only a small fraction of their nominal capacitance resulting ...
... X5R and X7R types are stable over temperature and applied voltage and give dependable service. Other types, including Y5V and Z5U have very large temperature and voltage coefficients of capacitance. In an application circuit they may have only a small fraction of their nominal capacitance resulting ...
Bandgap reference - Iowa State University
... • Amplifier: MA1~MA9, MA9 is the tail current source, MA1 and MA2 consistent of the differential input pair of the op amp, MA3~MA6 form the current mirrors in the amplifier, MA7 converts the amplifier output to single ended, and MA5 and MA8 form the push pull output node. – The offset voltage of th ...
... • Amplifier: MA1~MA9, MA9 is the tail current source, MA1 and MA2 consistent of the differential input pair of the op amp, MA3~MA6 form the current mirrors in the amplifier, MA7 converts the amplifier output to single ended, and MA5 and MA8 form the push pull output node. – The offset voltage of th ...
Diapositiva 1 - University of Hong Kong
... standard ultra-capacitors 2. Voltage varies with state of charge Need for interface converter 3. High self-discharge rate 4. Low cell voltage. Need for series connection of cells into a module 5. Low internal resistance may create an issue in case of short circuit ...
... standard ultra-capacitors 2. Voltage varies with state of charge Need for interface converter 3. High self-discharge rate 4. Low cell voltage. Need for series connection of cells into a module 5. Low internal resistance may create an issue in case of short circuit ...
Designstudie av framtida 10kW växelriktare Daniel Eidborn
... This report is the result of my degree project. The project was carried out at SAAB Aerosystems in Linköping with supervision of ITN on Linkoping’s University. This work however would not be possible without the help and support from many other persons. I would like to thank SAAB for the opportunity ...
... This report is the result of my degree project. The project was carried out at SAAB Aerosystems in Linköping with supervision of ITN on Linkoping’s University. This work however would not be possible without the help and support from many other persons. I would like to thank SAAB for the opportunity ...
Cree Power White Paper: The Characterization of dV/dt
... Since the introduction of commercial silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes over 10 years ago, significant improvements in power factor correction (PFC) circuits and motor drives have been realized due to the elimination of minority carrier reverse recovery charge and its resulting switching loss ass ...
... Since the introduction of commercial silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes over 10 years ago, significant improvements in power factor correction (PFC) circuits and motor drives have been realized due to the elimination of minority carrier reverse recovery charge and its resulting switching loss ass ...
MAX5037 VRM 9.0, Dual-Phase, Parallelable, Average Current-Mode Controller General Description
... high-output-current capability in a compact package with a minimum number of external components. The MAX5037 utilizes a dual-phase, average current-mode control that enables optimal use of low R DS(ON) MOSFETs, eliminating the need for external heatsinks even when delivering high output currents. D ...
... high-output-current capability in a compact package with a minimum number of external components. The MAX5037 utilizes a dual-phase, average current-mode control that enables optimal use of low R DS(ON) MOSFETs, eliminating the need for external heatsinks even when delivering high output currents. D ...
LT1963A Series - 1.5A, Low Noise, Fast Transient Response LDO Regulators
... The LT ®1963A series are low dropout regulators optimized for fast transient response. The devices are capable of supplying 1.5A of output current with a dropout voltage of 340mV. Operating quiescent current is 1mA, dropping to < 1µA in shutdown. Quiescent current is well controlled; it does not ris ...
... The LT ®1963A series are low dropout regulators optimized for fast transient response. The devices are capable of supplying 1.5A of output current with a dropout voltage of 340mV. Operating quiescent current is 1mA, dropping to < 1µA in shutdown. Quiescent current is well controlled; it does not ris ...
Operation Manual Model Alpha 4314
... Essentially, a Model Alpha 4314 is a 4-wire ohmmeter which has been designed to use very low test currents for its measurement. Additional circuitry proprietary to Valhalla Scientific is used to ensure that test current levels do not exceed the specified "failsafe current" even in a worstcase compon ...
... Essentially, a Model Alpha 4314 is a 4-wire ohmmeter which has been designed to use very low test currents for its measurement. Additional circuitry proprietary to Valhalla Scientific is used to ensure that test current levels do not exceed the specified "failsafe current" even in a worstcase compon ...
Direct Light-Triggered Solid-State Switches For Pulsed Power Applications J. Przybilla
... pulse durations are about 10 µs. The light pulse is transmitted by a special light guide to the light sensitive area of the LTT. The central area of the LTT consists of a Breakover Diode (BoD) and a multiple Amplifying Gate (AG) structure. The BoD is located inside the light-sensitive area. If the f ...
... pulse durations are about 10 µs. The light pulse is transmitted by a special light guide to the light sensitive area of the LTT. The central area of the LTT consists of a Breakover Diode (BoD) and a multiple Amplifying Gate (AG) structure. The BoD is located inside the light-sensitive area. If the f ...
A Quad of Independently Func Comparators
... The LM139/LM239/LM339 family of devices is a monolithic quad of independently functioning comparators designed to meet the needs for a medium speed, TTL compatible comparator for industrial applications. Since no antisaturation clamps are used on the output such as a Baker clamp or other active circ ...
... The LM139/LM239/LM339 family of devices is a monolithic quad of independently functioning comparators designed to meet the needs for a medium speed, TTL compatible comparator for industrial applications. Since no antisaturation clamps are used on the output such as a Baker clamp or other active circ ...
Calibrating DC Current Shunts: Techniques and - Ohm-Labs
... Accurate current measurement requires properly characterized precision current shunts. Characterizing shunts with low uncertainty requires that the shunt owner understand the chief sources of error and how to assign uncertainty components to those errors. Accounting for connection, temperature, freq ...
... Accurate current measurement requires properly characterized precision current shunts. Characterizing shunts with low uncertainty requires that the shunt owner understand the chief sources of error and how to assign uncertainty components to those errors. Accounting for connection, temperature, freq ...
Resistive opto-isolator
Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.