Single-Electron Tunneling Devices
... electron can be measured. The charge resolution that can be achieved is about 10-4 e/ Hz at 10 Hz. SET transistors offer by far the best charge resolution of any of the available charge measurement devices. The charge resolution of the SET transistor is better in the superconducting state due to the ...
... electron can be measured. The charge resolution that can be achieved is about 10-4 e/ Hz at 10 Hz. SET transistors offer by far the best charge resolution of any of the available charge measurement devices. The charge resolution of the SET transistor is better in the superconducting state due to the ...
Experimental Investigation of Inductorless, Single
... switching frequency or the duty ratio, in order to emulate a desired apparent load impedance at the generator’s output, to maximize the extracted power [14]. Maximum power point tracking techniques have been demonstrated to achieve this [15]. At milliwatt power levels and higher, active boost rectif ...
... switching frequency or the duty ratio, in order to emulate a desired apparent load impedance at the generator’s output, to maximize the extracted power [14]. Maximum power point tracking techniques have been demonstrated to achieve this [15]. At milliwatt power levels and higher, active boost rectif ...
P84454
... choice of field selectable taps, 1/8W to 8W for either 25.0VRMS or 70.0VRMS audio systems. the low profile design incorporates a high efficiency speaker for maximum output at minimum power across a frequency range of 400Hz to 4000Hz, and features a sealed back construction for extra protection and i ...
... choice of field selectable taps, 1/8W to 8W for either 25.0VRMS or 70.0VRMS audio systems. the low profile design incorporates a high efficiency speaker for maximum output at minimum power across a frequency range of 400Hz to 4000Hz, and features a sealed back construction for extra protection and i ...
Third-Order ΣΑ Modulator with 61-dB SNR and 6-MHz
... Fig. 9 compares the measured SNR versus input amplitude for different conditions. The dashed and the solid lines are the ideal and the behavioral simulation results, respectively. For the behavioral study, the used model foresees the real limit caused by the gain, bandwidth and slew-rate of the op-a ...
... Fig. 9 compares the measured SNR versus input amplitude for different conditions. The dashed and the solid lines are the ideal and the behavioral simulation results, respectively. For the behavioral study, the used model foresees the real limit caused by the gain, bandwidth and slew-rate of the op-a ...
Power Factor Controller „BR 5306 / 5312“ Instruction book
... the BR 53. As soon as the measuring voltage is connected, "on" lights up on the BR 53. It signals that the measuring voltage is applied. No capacitor branches must be connected. Allow the regulator to remain in this condition for one minute at least. Turn the mode switch to " + ". Connect the capaci ...
... the BR 53. As soon as the measuring voltage is connected, "on" lights up on the BR 53. It signals that the measuring voltage is applied. No capacitor branches must be connected. Allow the regulator to remain in this condition for one minute at least. Turn the mode switch to " + ". Connect the capaci ...
Evaluates: MAX1889 MAX1889 Evaluation Kit General Description Features
... As configured, the negative charge pump uses one of the three charge-pump stages to generate approximately -7.6V and can provide greater than 10mA. The output is post-regulated to -7V using a linear-regulator controller and an external bipolar pass transistor. The negative linear regulator’s output ...
... As configured, the negative charge pump uses one of the three charge-pump stages to generate approximately -7.6V and can provide greater than 10mA. The output is post-regulated to -7V using a linear-regulator controller and an external bipolar pass transistor. The negative linear regulator’s output ...
SP720, SP721 and SP723 Turn-On and Turn-Off
... wide dynamic operating range of 35V with low input capacitance and low leakage while still providing the rugged level of protection necessary for most signal interface requirements. Low capacitance loading is essential for a fast ESD protection response time. The input capacitance of the SP720 and S ...
... wide dynamic operating range of 35V with low input capacitance and low leakage while still providing the rugged level of protection necessary for most signal interface requirements. Low capacitance loading is essential for a fast ESD protection response time. The input capacitance of the SP720 and S ...
ESD Protection for the SGL-0622Z GPS LNA
... The SGL-0622Z is a low power, high gain, fully matched LNA designed and optimized for GPS applications. The LNA was designed for low power 2.7V to 3.6V battery operation. The SGL-0622Z has internal ESD circuitry that provides Class 1C (HBM) protection (>1000V). The ESD performance of the LNA can be ...
... The SGL-0622Z is a low power, high gain, fully matched LNA designed and optimized for GPS applications. The LNA was designed for low power 2.7V to 3.6V battery operation. The SGL-0622Z has internal ESD circuitry that provides Class 1C (HBM) protection (>1000V). The ESD performance of the LNA can be ...
AD7170 数据手册DataSheet下载
... to the driving source. Therefore, resistor/capacitor combinations on the input pins can cause dc gain errors, depending on the output impedance of the source that is driving the ADC input. Table 7 shows the allowable external resistance/capacitance values such that no gain error at the 12-bit level ...
... to the driving source. Therefore, resistor/capacitor combinations on the input pins can cause dc gain errors, depending on the output impedance of the source that is driving the ADC input. Table 7 shows the allowable external resistance/capacitance values such that no gain error at the 12-bit level ...
TEMPERATURE CONVERTER SAFETY MANUAL SIL
... Beyond this useful life time, the result of the probabilistic calculation is meaningless as the probability of failure significantly increases with time. The useful life time is highly dependent on the component itself and its operating conditions – temperature in particular (for example, the electr ...
... Beyond this useful life time, the result of the probabilistic calculation is meaningless as the probability of failure significantly increases with time. The useful life time is highly dependent on the component itself and its operating conditions – temperature in particular (for example, the electr ...
The Rules of Parallel Circuits
... to remember when computer systems were first introduced to the automotive market. Back then the manufacturers were quick to announce that you’d have to give up your old analog meter, and get a digital meter with at least 10 megohms impedance. Ever wonder why? It’s because, when you connect a voltmet ...
... to remember when computer systems were first introduced to the automotive market. Back then the manufacturers were quick to announce that you’d have to give up your old analog meter, and get a digital meter with at least 10 megohms impedance. Ever wonder why? It’s because, when you connect a voltmet ...
Keysight Technologies U1240 Series Handheld Digital Multimeters
... of the fastest ways to detect and gauge the percentage of distortion due to harmonics is by measuring the harmonic ratio of the incoming AC voltage. The U1240C Series offers a fast one-button check with its harmonic ratio function. The ratio percentage helps you to decide if further analysis of the ...
... of the fastest ways to detect and gauge the percentage of distortion due to harmonics is by measuring the harmonic ratio of the incoming AC voltage. The U1240C Series offers a fast one-button check with its harmonic ratio function. The ratio percentage helps you to decide if further analysis of the ...
In saturation mode, how is it possible that current is flowing from n
... collector cannot fall below zero volts as we crank up the base drive. In fact it falls to about 0.2 - 0.4 volts above the emitter. At this point the transistor is said to be bottomed or in saturation or saturated. Further increase in base drive beyond this point will not result in increased collecto ...
... collector cannot fall below zero volts as we crank up the base drive. In fact it falls to about 0.2 - 0.4 volts above the emitter. At this point the transistor is said to be bottomed or in saturation or saturated. Further increase in base drive beyond this point will not result in increased collecto ...
(f-fo0) sin(2rrf0t) + (2n+l)!
... matrices and their left pseudo-inverses were calculated for many cases. Sane of the combinaticns of parameters examined are listed in Table I. In these cases, time was considered to be zero at the middle of the selected- data windows. Table II lists the elements of the first four rows of the left ps ...
... matrices and their left pseudo-inverses were calculated for many cases. Sane of the combinaticns of parameters examined are listed in Table I. In these cases, time was considered to be zero at the middle of the selected- data windows. Table II lists the elements of the first four rows of the left ps ...
PAM8610 Description Features Pin Assignments Applications
... Filters are not required if the traces from the amplifier to the speakers are short (<20cm). But most applications require a ferrite bead filter as shown in below figure. The ferrite bead filter reduces EMI of around 1MHz and higher to meet the FCC and CE's requirements. It is recommended to use a f ...
... Filters are not required if the traces from the amplifier to the speakers are short (<20cm). But most applications require a ferrite bead filter as shown in below figure. The ferrite bead filter reduces EMI of around 1MHz and higher to meet the FCC and CE's requirements. It is recommended to use a f ...
Oh No! I Have to Design a PA
... Diodes (can be BE, BC, or Schottky) are also used for different purposes and should be scalable. The use is from bias circuit to logic to ESD/ruggedness protection. Resistors can be semiconductor or thin-film. There are pro’s and con’s to each and this should be communicated to designers by letting ...
... Diodes (can be BE, BC, or Schottky) are also used for different purposes and should be scalable. The use is from bias circuit to logic to ESD/ruggedness protection. Resistors can be semiconductor or thin-film. There are pro’s and con’s to each and this should be communicated to designers by letting ...
Resistive opto-isolator
Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.