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High-fidelity PWM inverter for digital audio amplification
High-fidelity PWM inverter for digital audio amplification

Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Management Based on Variable
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Management Based on Variable

... Interval length by the amount of the Interval Step. It is important to point out that the frequency is updated at the end of the interval unless the positive edge occurs earlier. The value of the interval step is determined adaptively such that when two consecutive interval increases (decreases) occ ...
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... In comparison with static CMOS circuits, dynamic CMOS circuits have various advantages such as less number of transistors, lowpower, higher speed, no short-circuit power and glitch-free operation Because of the above properties, high performance systems are realized using dynamic CMOS circuits. With ...
Technology of Estimating Short Circuit Current and Ground Fault for
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... generation system consists of parallel connections of multiple groups (strings) of photovoltaic cell panels connected in series. In order to improve the power generation efficiency, each string is designed to generate power higher than 500 V. Outside Japan, an increasing number of systems are design ...
Trouble - MacMate
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... The XLR inputs of the MixPre-D are transformer-balanced. The isolation characteristics of transformers are superior to other balancing techniques and are ideal for the hostile and uncontrolled environments of field production. Transformers provide galvanic isolation from the driving source, meaning ...
TSC2046 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
TSC2046 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

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Transistor - 123SeminarsOnly.com

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EI1204-Sensors and Measuring - Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Group

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3-Pole and 4-Pole Transfer Switch Switching Characteristics

... Figure 4: 3-pole devices do not switch the neutral. This leaves the possibility of improper sensing of GF conditions. In this example, a GF fed from Source 2 would not be detected by Source 2’s CT since equal and opposite GF currents would cancel in that source’s CT. Meanwhile, GF current returning ...
Sub-threshold Design for Ultra Low-Power
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ADP5040 Micro PMU with 1.2 A Buck Regulator and Two 300 mA
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... the load current falls below a predefined threshold the regulator operates in power save mode (PSM) improving the light-load efficiency. The low quiescent current, low dropout voltage, and wide input voltage range of the ADP5040 LDOs extend the battery life of portable devices. The ADP5040 LDOs main ...
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Direct-Current Circuits

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Low Voltage Performance of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors
Low Voltage Performance of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

... reduced to zero. When the IR measurements were carried out again, curve 2 in Figure 3 results. This shows the higher voltage did more damage to the IR than the lower voltage. For these capacitors, IR degradation in the 0 to 5 VDC range was minimal, if any. (The ohmic heat dissipation is less than 1 ...
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DS3503 - Maxim Part Number Search
DS3503 - Maxim Part Number Search

... Integral nonlinearity is the deviation of a measured resistor setting value from the expected values at each particular resistor setting. Expected value is calculated by connecting a straight line from the measured minimum setting to the measured maximum setting. INL = [V(RW)i - (V(RW)0]/LSB(ideal) ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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