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XR3070-78X - Mouser Electronics
XR3070-78X - Mouser Electronics

... actively driven. The enhanced failsafe feature of the XR3070-78X family guarantees a logic-high receiver output when the receiver inputs are open, shorted, or when they are connected to a terminated transmission line with all drivers disabled. In a terminated bus with all transmitters disabled, the ...
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Research on the Differential Protection Algorithm of Multi

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DC_Machines_week_5,6

...  CC motor has a higher starting torque than a shunt motor (whose flux is constant) but a lower starting torque than a series motor (whose entire flux is proportional to armature current).  The CC motor combines the best features of both the shunt and series motors. Like a series motor, it has extr ...
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... As the voltage pulse is dependent on the phase relation (energy stored in the choke) there is a chance that the lamps will not ignite despite good preheating of the lamp electrodes. In this case, the glow igniter ignites again and repeats the preheating process and the ignition attempt – and continu ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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