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MAX3230E/MAX3230AE/MAX3231E/MAX3231AE ±15kV ESD-Protected +2.5V to +5.5V RS-232 Transceivers in UCSP and WLP
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... The MAX3230E/AE and MAX3231E/AE achieve a 1µA supply current with Maxim’s AutoShutdown™ feature. They save power without changing the existing BIOS or operating systems by entering low-power shutdown mode when the RS-232 cable is disconnected, or when the transmitters of the connected peripherals ar ...
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... to a fast comparator stage. This comparator sets the switching frequency, which is constant for steady state operating conditions, and provides immediate response to dynamic load changes. In order to achieve accurate DC load regulation, a voltage feedback loop is used. The internally compensated reg ...
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... Mode Selection. When IMPULSE is HIGH and WARP is LOW, this input selects a reduced power mode. In this mode, the power dissipation is approximately proportional to the sampling rate. Parallel Mode Selection (8-/16-bit). When LOW, the LSB is output on D[7:0] and the MSB is output on D[15:8]. When HIG ...
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... low pass anti-aliasing filter is not used in this circuit, the noise contribution due to the resistors in Figure 1 is significant. Capacitors: In noise discussions, capacitors are generally identified as devices that reduce or filter system noise. Capacitors are most frequently categorized by the d ...
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... sterilization speed improvement. As means for improving the sterilization speed can be mentioned that the electric field strength is increased, the pulse width is increased. The former, because of the maximum output voltage that can be stably output of the experimental apparatus was 130 kV/cm, it wa ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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