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Effect Transistors (FETs)
Effect Transistors (FETs)

System Level Considerations for Integration of Resonant Capacitors
System Level Considerations for Integration of Resonant Capacitors

Efficient Formulation and Model-Order Reduction for the Transient Simulation of Three-dimensional VLSI Interconnect,
Efficient Formulation and Model-Order Reduction for the Transient Simulation of Three-dimensional VLSI Interconnect,

... approach [2] based on Green’s theorem was proposed which performs the calculation using the same surface discretization used for ordinary capacitance extraction, thereby avoiding the large exterior domain mesh and computation. However, the latter approach generates dense matrix problems, which requi ...
AD7863 数据手册DataSheet下载
AD7863 数据手册DataSheet下载

... The part contains two 5.2 μs successive approximation ADCs, two track/hold amplifiers, an internal 2.5 V reference and a high speed parallel interface. Four analog inputs are grouped into two channels (A and B) selected by the A0 input. Each channel has two inputs (VA1 and VA2 or VB1 and VB2) that c ...
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... leakage, and contact discharge. Many of these noises are the voltage like the lightning surge, therefore those noises may cause malfunction to other normal electric system. Check the whole circuit beforehand, and solve all problems. ...
Applicability of the “Gallet Equation” to the Vegetation
Applicability of the “Gallet Equation” to the Vegetation

Energy Efficiency Best Practice Guide Lighting
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... to closely match sunlight’s spectrum, which may have a benefit upon occupant health. However, these lamps are somewhat less efficient than leading fluorescent alternatives. • Some fluorescent lamps can be dimmed in response to available natural light. Depending on the model, this may reduce lamp li ...
Programmable Output Voltage Ultra-Low Power Buck
Programmable Output Voltage Ultra-Low Power Buck

Adjustable Battery-Backup Supervisor for RAM
Adjustable Battery-Backup Supervisor for RAM

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NCV7240 - Octal Low-Side Relay Driver
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... Load Current Shut−Down Delay Time of 3 ms (min) is designed into the IC as a filter allowing for spikes in current which may occur during normal operation and allowing for protection from overload conditions. Faults can be cleared with the SPI input register (command 00) or via a power−on−reset. Fau ...
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Mind the Metallurgy, and All Else Will Follow

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Evaluation of Cryogenic Components Begin 2009

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MAX15014–MAX15017 1A, 4.5V to 40V Input Buck Converters with General Description
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... The DC-DC converter output is adjustable from 1.26V to 32V and can deliver up to 1A of load current. These devices utilize a feed-forward voltage-mode control scheme for good noise immunity in the high-voltage switching environment and offer external compensation allowing for maximum flexibility wit ...
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... ‘linear’ loads do not usually cause disturbance to other users of the supply system. Examples include lighting, heating, directly driven motors, pumps etc. Some types of loads cause a distortion of the supply voltage / current waveform due to their non-linear impedance. The most common devices causi ...
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... At this stage it is paramount to notice the necessity of separate grounds. Noise currents in the output power stage need to be returned to output noise ground and nowhere else. Were these currents to circulate elsewhere, they may get into the power supply, the signal ground, etc, worse yet, they may ...
TLC1541 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
TLC1541 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... NOTES: 2. Analog input voltages greater than that applied to REF + convert as all ones (1111111111), while input voltages less than that applied to REF – convert as all zeros (0000000000). For proper operation, REF + voltage must be at least 1 V higher than REF – voltage. Also, the total unadjusted ...
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SKY65015-92LF 数据资料DataSheet下载
SKY65015-92LF 数据资料DataSheet下载

... by Skyworks as a service to its customers and may be used for informational purposes only by the customer. Skyworks assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in these materials or the information contained herein. Skyworks may change its documentation, products, services, specifications or p ...
Principles of Electronic Communication Systems
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... being generated to be amplitude-modulated. The output frequency is usually set by a large calibrated dial. The precision of calibration is only a few percent. Newer generators use frequency synthesis techniques and include one or more mixer circuits that allow coverage of a wide range of frequencies ...
74VCX16373 Low Voltage 16-Bit Transparent Latch with 3.6V Tolerant Inputs and Outputs 7
74VCX16373 Low Voltage 16-Bit Transparent Latch with 3.6V Tolerant Inputs and Outputs 7

... be transparent to the data when the Latch Enable (LE) is HIGH. When LE is LOW, the data that meets the setup time is latched. Data appears on the bus when the Output Enable (OE) is LOW. When OE is HIGH, the outputs are in a high impedance state. The 74VCX16373 is designed for low voltage (1.2V to 3. ...
II. Modeling of the PMSM
II. Modeling of the PMSM

... Depenbrock and Isao Takahashi [9], [11]. The basic idea of DTC for induction motor is slip control, which exploits the relationship between the slip and the electromagnetic torque [2]. In the 1990's, DTC for was developed for PMSM [7], [12], [13]. By comparison for instance the Rotor Field Oriented ...
issue - IET Electrical
issue - IET Electrical

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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