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Lab 4: Small-Signal Modeling of BJT Amplifiers
Lab 4: Small-Signal Modeling of BJT Amplifiers

unit d – electricity
unit d – electricity

... • The two most common resistors are the wirewound and carbon-composition types. The colored strips on a resistor usually indicate the level of resistance and quality. ...
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Circuit Note CN-0060
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R eq =R 1 +R 2 +R 3
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ck1005 - stereo vu meter
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... otherwise dispose of the same, no express or implied right or license to practice or commercially exploit any intellectual property rights or other proprietary rights owned or controlled by ROHM CO., LTD. is granted to any such buyer. Products listed in this document are no antiradiation design. ...
Passive-Optical Person Detector
Passive-Optical Person Detector

... loop. The further the output voltage rises (above about 0.6 V) the more transistor T2 conducts. T2 thus forms a variable load for phototransistor T1. As the illumination increases, more current flows through the phototransistor. T2 then also turns more fully on, keeping the voltage at the output of ...
CIRCUIT IDEAS FOR DESIGNERS Current Source/Current Sink
CIRCUIT IDEAS FOR DESIGNERS Current Source/Current Sink

Physics 202 Chapter 33 Nov 1, 2007 AC circuits On whiteboard
Physics 202 Chapter 33 Nov 1, 2007 AC circuits On whiteboard

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... to get brighter lights. Light bulbs sold in the USA are intended for a 120 V parallel circuit, and in these circuits higher wattage means brighter bulbs. However, if you wire the same bulbs in series, or use then in European 240 V circuits, you will not draw the wattage stamped on the bulb. ...
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... f Lowest cost 7700 Series amplifier with Bi-LevelTM Smart Power supply. High Voltage & High Current with less heat. f Over 4,000 watts peak output; 2858 watts rms into a 2 ohm load f 40 mSec pulses of up to 150 amperes peak into a 1 ohm load f Can be connected in series with other 7781 amplifiers f ...
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... For first quadrant operation, CH1 is ON or D2 conducts. For second quadrant operation, CH2 is ON or D1 conducts. When CH1 is ON, the load current is positive. The output voltage is equal to ‘V’ & the load receives power from the source. When CH1 is turned OFF, energy stored in inductance L forces cu ...
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... Draw a series circuit with two 1.5 V batteries, 3 resistors, and a current of 0.5 A. What is the total voltage of the circuit? What is the resistance of each resistor? What is the voltage drop across each resistor? Label on your ...
electronic interface control
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... can be mounted on a standard DIN rail or Series rail. Brand can also package these controls for harsh environment use on mobile equipment. This control will take the industry standard 4-20 mA or 0-10 VDC signal and convert it to a linear Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) output. This signal may be found i ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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