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L26 - University of Iowa Physics
L26 - University of Iowa Physics

... warm when they carry large currents  in an electric stove this heat is used to cook food • The amount of energy converted to heat per second is called the power loss in a resistor • If the resistor has a voltage V across it and carries a current I, the power dissipated as heat is given by  Power P ...
Electrical Measurements
Electrical Measurements

... current measurements require this modification of the circuit under study, one generally tries to avoid current measurements, and instead substitute a voltage measurement across a device through which the current is flowing. Knowledge of the impedance of the device will allow you to calculate the c ...
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... 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, or (c) whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to res ...
Results
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... across a capacitor in an RLC circuit as a function of input. It was shown that the response consisted of a transient and steady state part. The type of transient response was dependent on the resistor used. It was shown that for resistors with small values, the system was underdamped, and the transi ...
Capacitors and RC circuits
Capacitors and RC circuits

... 2. Discharging a Real Capacitor 1. Connect a cylindrical capacitor to the power supply in DC and apply a voltage between 5 and 10 V. 2. Disconnect the capacitor before turning the power supply off. (The capacitor should now have a charge.) 3. Connect two wires to the capacitor – one to each terminal ...
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Sorensen 36 kW - 240 kW HPX Series 10 - 1000 V 45

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... • At +25 °C, the leakage current shall not exceed the value listed in the Standard Ratings table. • At +85 °C, the leakage current shall not exceed 10 times the value listed in the Standard Ratings table. • At +125 °C, the leakage current shall not exceed 12 times the value listed in the Standard Ra ...
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... Moore’s Law (1965): the number of components in an integrated circuit will double every year; and in its present form that time constant is usually quoted as 18 months although, at least for Intel's CPUs, the number of transistors in a CPU doubles roughly every two years ...
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High Efficiency, Inductorless Step-Down DC/DC Converter

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Nova Energy & Automation Imaging Suite Power Systems Nuclear

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20 Bipolar Transistors and Amplifiers

... I RL = CC CE The RL current depends linearly on the collector voltage VCE RL Resistor RL and the C-E circuit of BJT are connected in series, hence IRL = IC For Ib = 40 µA and VCC = 13V, the collector current IC = 4 mA For Ib = 75 µA and VCC = 14V, the collector current IC = 4 mA ...
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FWE-Exec Template

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Homework Two - Robert Dick

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2011 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Development

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... And  = arctan (fo / f). Where  is the angle by which output voltage leads the input voltage and f o is the cut-off frequency. At this frequency fo, the magnitude of capacitive reactance is equal to the resistance and the gain is 0.707. ...
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Resistance and Ohm`s Law

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Catalogue electronic modules and components

... voltage improves the thermal behaviour of the actuator and saves energy. There are suitable electronic modules available for different classes of actuators. Depending on the mounting conditions, there are a variety of connection concepts. Kendrion as a result provides the optimum complementary contr ...
Chapter 17
Chapter 17

< 1 ... 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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