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TRANSPAK T700-0001 ™ Loop Powered Isolator
TRANSPAK T700-0001 ™ Loop Powered Isolator

... input (typically 4-20mA). It takes its power source voltage and the output current loop drive (500 Ohm, 10V compliance, max.) from the input current loop. The 1-20mA output current follows the input current signal. Span adjustment is provided to adjust for load variations. There are two (+) output t ...
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... The MAX4505 protects other ICs from overvoltage by clamping its output voltage to the supply rails. If the power supplies to the device are off, the device clamps the output to 0V. The MAX4505 provides protection for input signals up to ±36V with the power supplies on and ±40V with the power supplie ...
Problem Set 4 SOLUTION
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... edges, with junctions at its four vertices. A 9.0 V battery is connected to any two of the vertices. (a) Find the equivalent resistance of the tetrahedron between these vertices. (b) Find the current in the battery. Just by inspection, it is clear that we can’t use our usual rules for parallel and s ...
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... common-cathode clamp diodes for switching inductive loads. The collector-current rating of a single Darlington pair is 500 mA. The Darlington pairs may be paralleled for higher current capability. Applications include relay drivers, hammer drivers, lamp drivers, display drivers (LED and gas discharg ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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