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SICAM-Q200
SICAM-Q200

... monitoring and recording with magnitude and time stamp (duration)  Rapid voltage changes (RVC)  Limit value violations  Waveform capture of triggered events of voltage and current. Up to 10 seconds records must be possible. ...
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... the resistance R1 and R2). transistor). If high amplifications are required, several small-signal amplifiers can be cascaded in series. In this laboratory session we will construct and analyze just one small-signal amplifier stage. A small-signal amplifiers must have:  a dc bias circuit for placing ...
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... transmission line and on the charging voltage applied to the transmission line. Additional components can be provided on the common semiconductor substrate or chip to shape the input pulse to the switching device to ensure a fast rise time. Applications:  High-speed analog-to-digital converters (AD ...
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... threshold voltage, is > 2/3(VCC), the output at pin 3, v3, is low, that is pin 3 is at zero volts. At the same time an internally connected switch transistor that is connected between the discharge, pin 7, and ground, pin 1, is turned ON. With the discharge transistor reducing the voltage at pin 6 t ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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