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Time–frequency transform approach for protection of
Time–frequency transform approach for protection of

... of each frequency. This has led to its application for detection and interpretation of events in a time series like the power-quality disturbances [12]. Further, to tackle the effects of noise and distortions, the original signal samples are passed through a Hanning window before they are processed ...
Basic Facts about Electrical Safety Testing
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... Due to differences in testing standards across the globe it is becoming increasingly important for manufacturers to ensure that their products are safe for consumer and industrial use. What was once a general and loosely regulated industry is now being flooded with stringent national and internatio ...
FAN3988 USB/Charger and Over-Voltage Detection Device FAN 39
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... Package drawings are provided as a service to customers considering Fairchild components. Drawings may change in any manner without notice. Please note the revision and/or date on the drawing and contact a Fairchild Semiconductor representative to verify or obtain the most recent revision. Package s ...
HMC377QS16G 数据资料DataSheet下载
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... insulators when dehydrated. Organic matter, such as wood, is also a good insulator when dry, but becomes conducting when moist. The properties of a number of substances are given in Table 1.1. From this table air at atmospheric pressure is an obvious choice as an insulating material. This resulted i ...
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MAX8688 Digital Power-Supply Controller/Monitor with PMBus Interface General Description

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Specification Sheet - Elliott Electric Supply
Specification Sheet - Elliott Electric Supply

... high frequency noise that originate from the basic nature of AC current. Continuous or momentary surge sources from 250 to 3000 volts can be present from the operation or switching of electric motors, air conditioner compressors, or other inductive loads. The effects of continual low energy transien ...
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Aalborg Universitet

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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