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AP133
AP133

... output capacitors. The recommended capacitance is from 1μF to 4.7μF, Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) is from 10mΩ to 100mΩ, and temperature characteristics is X7R or X5R. Higher capacitance values help to improve load/line transient response. The output capacitance may be increased to keep low un ...
Transformers Electrical transformers are used to transform voltage or
Transformers Electrical transformers are used to transform voltage or

Experiment #3
Experiment #3

... To measure the electrical potential difference across an element in a circuit, a voltmeter is put across its terminals. In other words, the voltmeter is connected in parallel with the circuit element. The internal resistance of the voltmeter is huge compared to the resistance of the circuit element ...
File - Go ELECTRONICS
File - Go ELECTRONICS

... in parallel to increase the current carrying capability to meet the desired current requirements .Where current sharing of diode would be in accord with their respective forward voltage drop uniform current sharing can be achieved by providing the equal inductance or by connecting current sharing re ...
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Menouni - CERN Indico
Menouni - CERN Indico

... increase the open loop gain of the amplifier to a value higher than 10 because of the relatively low transconductance gm of the MOS transistors. The input resistance can be reduced by decreasing the feedback resistor RF, but additional thermal noise is induced due to the lower value of the feedback ...
PS25451 EPIC QFN sensor, non-contact, high gain Datasheet
PS25451 EPIC QFN sensor, non-contact, high gain Datasheet

... given that products do not infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties, and furthermore, the use of products in certain ways or in combination with Plessey, or non-Plessey furnished equipments/components may infringe intellectual property rights of Plessey. The purpose of this documen ...
Piezo-electromagnetic Scavenger Power Supply
Piezo-electromagnetic Scavenger Power Supply

OPA358 3V Single-Supply FEATURES DESCRIPTION
OPA358 3V Single-Supply FEATURES DESCRIPTION

... Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may degrade device reliability. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those specified is not implied. (2) Input terminals are diode-clamped to the power-supply rails. ...
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon L E D  Dr i ve r  ... Dr i vin g   2W   L...
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon L E D Dr i ve r ... Dr i vin g 2W L...

... The PWM terminal on the PCB is an input for the pulse width modulated (PWM) signal to control the dimming of the LED string. The PWM signal’s logic high level should be at least 2.5 V or higher. For the default demo board circuit, a dimming frequency less than 300 Hz is recommended to maintain a 3 d ...
MDO600-16N1 Datasheet
MDO600-16N1 Datasheet

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... inductor can be replaced by a short circuit in a dc circuit after a period of time greater than five time constants have passed  Assuming that all of the currents and voltages have reached their final values, the current through each inductor can be found by replacing each inductor with a short cir ...
EMMI LAB Laboratory
EMMI LAB Laboratory

... OBJECTIVE :. Self-inductance measurements: Ammeter and Voltmeter method, SelfInductance Measurement by General four-arms’s bridge network method. MATERIAL REQUIRED :- Inductance, Ammeter and Voltmeter, General four-arms’s bridge network method THEORY:- Inductance Meters instruments for measuring the ...
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Gunn Oscillation Modes

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NPTIHVDCop

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... simple design with outstanding efficiency. The SiP12116 comes in a DFN 3 x 3 package, which offers the designer a compact footprint. The use of COT topology allows the user to develop a very straightforward power supply with no compensation requirements. The SiP12116 develops the current ramp feedba ...
STFI20NK50Z
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... 2. Pulse width limited by safe operating area. 3. ISD < 17 A, di/dt < 200 A/µs, VDD =80% V(BR)DSS ...
AP1520
AP1520

... Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use ...
DM-5 Power Quality Analyzer
DM-5 Power Quality Analyzer

designing networks of spiking silicon neurons and synapses
designing networks of spiking silicon neurons and synapses

... Biological neurons communicate with each other via short, xed-amplitude pulses called action potentials or spikes. This discrete-amplitude continuoustime representation encodes intensity and timing information with high noise immunity, and thus is ideally suited for processing real-world sensory st ...
The slotted measuring line
The slotted measuring line

... (b) They also serve as circuit elements (instead of capacitors and inductors) and interconnecting lines for the realization of passive microwave circuits (e.g. transmission-line filters). In general, transmission lines can be considered as structures for guiding electromagnetic waves. For this funct ...
Low threshold 8x8 VCSEL arrays with high uniformity for
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... fabrication in large 2-dimensional (2D) arrays. In combination with recently achieved performance progresses, including record low threshold values, high power conversion efficiencies and modulation bandwidths, they become more and more attractive for massively parallel high speed optical interconne ...
AP5002
AP5002

... AP5002 consists of step-down switching regulator with PWM control. These devices include a reference voltage source, oscillation circuit, error amplifier, internal PMOS. AP5002 provides low-ripple power, high efficiency, and excellent transient characteristics. The PWM control circuit is able to var ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSRJEEE)
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSRJEEE)

IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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