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2-lipton_VIP_LCWS_slides
2-lipton_VIP_LCWS_slides

PPT
PPT

... • What’s the current through each resistor at t=0? • What’s the current through each resistor after a long time? • How long is a long time? At t=0 replace capacitor with solid wire (open circuit) then use loop rule or Req series/parallel. Att>>0replacecapacitor withbreakinwire,i3=0,and use ...
Logic Switches Operating at the Minimum Energy of Computing
Logic Switches Operating at the Minimum Energy of Computing

Voltage leval improment by using Static VAR compensator (SVC)
Voltage leval improment by using Static VAR compensator (SVC)

... generation is stability, voltage collapse and grid failure. To provide stable, secure and quality power supply to end users and to utilize available transfer capacities in better way, Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) controllers are used to enhance power system stability along with their mai ...
MAX14626 High-Voltage Reverse-Input
MAX14626 High-Voltage Reverse-Input

... The MAX14626 current loop protector features a currentlimit switch to prevent damage to the sensor devices due to faulty current loop conditions. The current-limit switch features a 25I (typ) on-resistance and operates from a +2.3V to +36V input voltage range. The accurate current limit is set to 30 ...
FAN7171_F085 - High-Current High
FAN7171_F085 - High-Current High

... arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. Buyer is responsible for its products and applications using ON Semiconductor products, including compliance w ...
An Improved Backward/Forward Sweep Load Flow
An Improved Backward/Forward Sweep Load Flow

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PFC Device Corporation

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2. IDEAL OTA STRUCTURE 3 PROPOSED TOPOLOGIES

... are given at this work. On the other hand, another restrict for OTA circuits is output impedance. To achieve best performance circuits must have high output resistances [1]. Output stage: The output stage of the proposed DO-OTA circuit is based on a previous work by Zeki and Kuntman [1]. The output ...
Residual voltage on load side of an open circuit breaker
Residual voltage on load side of an open circuit breaker

... require that any circuit over 50 V be treated as energized until it is isolated and safety grounds are installed. The description of an Electrically Safe Work Condition in NFPA 70E is: A state in which an electrical conductor or circuit part or near has been disconnected from energized parts, lock ...
The Resistor Code
The Resistor Code

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lightweight winding resistance meter

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2016-09-27-6-generator

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Linear DC Power Supply

... The GPC-Series are triple output, 195 to 375W, linear DC power supplies. Channel 1 and 2 are fully adjustable (model dependant) and channel 3 is fixed at 5V/3A with ripple and noise at less than 2mVrms. Overload and reverse polarity protection keep GPC-Series and its loads safe from unexpected condi ...
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250-mA LDO Regulator with Integrated Reset in

Intersil CA3280 - ECE Users Pages
Intersil CA3280 - ECE Users Pages

... operational voltage amplifier except that the forward transfer characteristics is best described by transconductance rather than voltage gain, and the output is current, not voltage. The magnitude of the output current is equal to the product of transconductance and the input voltage. This type of o ...
STP 3 & 4 2.12  Station Electrical Systems
STP 3 & 4 2.12 Station Electrical Systems

... the terminals of the Class 1E utilization DC electrical distribution system DC electrical distribution system to equipment that is within the utilization exist and conclude that the analyzed determine system voltage drops will equipment's voltage tolerance limits. operating voltage supplied at the b ...
Practice use of the Digital Multimeter.
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... user to the use of a digital multimeter. The exercise shows the variations likely to be found between the recorded value versus the stated value of different devices. Also the possibility of inaccuracies due to errors being introduced through various quality of connection to devices, the allowable t ...
Bates
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... 10-2: Thevenin’s Theorem  Thevenin’s theorem simplifies the process of solving for the unknown values of voltage and current in a network by reducing the network to an equivalent series circuit connected to any pair of network terminals.  Any network with two open terminals can be replaced by a s ...
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... the performance of these circuits. With the increasing usage of portable devices, there are severe restrictions being placed on the size, weight and power of batteries. Circuits consuming more power require batteries to be charged more frequently. It has therefore become important not only to optimi ...
Example quiz questions
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... 1. When the magnitude of forward bias voltage of pn diode increases, what happens to the junction capacitance of the diode? (increases, decreases, remains constant): why? 2. For a given current voltage V of the forward biased Silicon diode, what happens to the diode current when the temperature incr ...
Säätojärjestelmä
Säätojärjestelmä

... Control block is the amplifier, which has constant gain. The error signal is multiplied by constant = Kp = P-control gain We can say that P-block is “exaggerating” the error. Drawback is that P-control is normally not able to do the job without error ! Bigger gain Kp gives smaller error. If the gai ...
Circuits Class Notes - Hicksville Public Schools / Homepage
Circuits Class Notes - Hicksville Public Schools / Homepage

a AN-581 APPLICATION NOTE Biasing and Decoupling Op Amps
a AN-581 APPLICATION NOTE Biasing and Decoupling Op Amps

... values in the signal path. Johnson (resistor) noise equals 4 nV times the square root of the resistance value in kΩ. While the Johnson noise of a 1 kΩ resistor is only 4 nV/√Hz, this increases to 18 nV/√Hz for a 20 kΩ resistor and 40 nV/√Hz for a 100 kΩ resistor. Even though the RA/RB resistor divid ...
PESD ProtEction DEvicES
PESD ProtEction DEvicES

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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