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Example quiz questions
Example quiz questions

... 1. When the magnitude of forward bias voltage of pn diode increases, what happens to the junction capacitance of the diode? (increases, decreases, remains constant): why? 2. For a given current voltage V of the forward biased Silicon diode, what happens to the diode current when the temperature incr ...
Säätojärjestelmä
Säätojärjestelmä

... Control block is the amplifier, which has constant gain. The error signal is multiplied by constant = Kp = P-control gain We can say that P-block is “exaggerating” the error. Drawback is that P-control is normally not able to do the job without error ! Bigger gain Kp gives smaller error. If the gai ...
Distribution voltage regulators
Distribution voltage regulators

... amounts of resources in plant and equipment to assure enough capacity to meet their peak demand, which occurs for a limited time. During the non-peak times, that investment remains underutilized. Step voltage regulators can improve the return on utility investment by increasing demand at off peak pe ...
Evaluates: MAX1909 MAX1909 Evaluation Kit General Description Features
Evaluates: MAX1909 MAX1909 Evaluation Kit General Description Features

... The MAX1909 evaluation kit (EV kit) is an accurate and efficient multichemistry battery charger. The EV kit can charge three or four series Li+ cells with a current up to 3A. Charge current and input-source current are adjustable using on-board potentiometers. The output voltage is set to 4.2V ✕ the ...
SED1335F - Electrical and Information Technology
SED1335F - Electrical and Information Technology

PV Cell Fed Step-up Resonant Converter for Induction
PV Cell Fed Step-up Resonant Converter for Induction

Circuits Class Notes - Hicksville Public Schools / Homepage
Circuits Class Notes - Hicksville Public Schools / Homepage

PESD ProtEction DEvicES
PESD ProtEction DEvicES

Chapter 6, Section 3
Chapter 6, Section 3

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LABORATORY EXPERIMENT

PCA9306 - Texas Instruments
PCA9306 - Texas Instruments

AT-8300 Rotor Health Monitor
AT-8300 Rotor Health Monitor

... Temperature Measurement: If the motor or generator has installed RTD’s (PT100 style), then the AT-8300 can monitor up to 12 of 3-wire RTD’s, with readings updated every 10 seconds. Up to 24 of 2-wire RTD’s can alternatively be measured (contact Accumetrics at time of order). If a current shunt is in ...
MAX1809 3A, 1MHz, DDR Memory Termination Supply General Description Features
MAX1809 3A, 1MHz, DDR Memory Termination Supply General Description Features

... 1.25V. This 1.25V is connected to EXTREF, which sets the output voltage of the MAX1809. When FB is directly tied to the output (Figure 5), the output voltage range is limited by the external reference’s input voltage limits (see EC table). External reference may not be set within 1.7V of the minimum ...
POOR & BAD CIRCUITS
POOR & BAD CIRCUITS

Parallel Circuits
Parallel Circuits

... House circuits contain parallel circuits The parallel circuit will continue to operate even though one component may fail open ...
FSL137MRIN ™) Green-Mode Fairchild Power Switch (FPS
FSL137MRIN ™) Green-Mode Fairchild Power Switch (FPS

... protection circuit should trigger to protect the SMPS. However, even when the SMPS is in normal operation, the overload protection circuit can be triggered during the load transition. To avoid this undesired operation, the overload protection circuit is designed to trigger only after a specified tim ...
Chip tantalum capacitors with built–in open–function
Chip tantalum capacitors with built–in open–function

DOC
DOC

... a “dot-to-dot” fashion. You may have to do this by hand. (These plots must be computer-generated. If you use MS Excel, be sure to choose the “Scatter plot” format since the frequencies at which measurements have been made are not uniformly spaced.) 2. By hand, enter the data points that you calculat ...
Word Version - DCC - LIGO Document Control Center Portal
Word Version - DCC - LIGO Document Control Center Portal

... 9.1. Connectors – Cable connectors used within a sealed electronics pod should be minimized by design and eliminated wherever possible. Preference should be given to directly soldered wires. Mating contact surfaces should be gold plated. 9.2. Relays – When relays are required in a high reliability d ...
Frequency Switching Speed in Microwave Signal
Frequency Switching Speed in Microwave Signal

... respect to architecture and technology choices? To help answer all these questions, and hopefully generate a few more, let’s take our signal generator apart and see what contributes, and why. First we should define what we mean by “frequency switching speed.” For the purposes of this article we will ...
found here - Classic Valve Design
found here - Classic Valve Design

Purchasing your Aerovox Capacitor cells from ARCO today…
Purchasing your Aerovox Capacitor cells from ARCO today…

ADP7118/ADP7142 - Analog Devices
ADP7118/ADP7142 - Analog Devices

电路笔记 CN-0054  AD5450/AD5451/AD5452/AD5453
电路笔记 CN-0054 AD5450/AD5451/AD5452/AD5453

... MT-033 Tutorial, Voltage Feedback Op Amp Gain and Bandwidth. Analog Devices. MT-035 Tutorial, Op Amp Inputs, Outputs, Single-Supply, and Rail-to-Rail Issues. Analog Devices. MT-101 Tutorial, Decoupling Techniques. Analog Devices. ADIsimPower Design Tool. Analog Devices. ...
Chapter 21
Chapter 21

... A DC power source, like the one from a battery, provides a potential difference (a voltage) that does not change its polarity with respect to a reference point (often the ground) ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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