• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
ldi liniarc® direct/indirect
ldi liniarc® direct/indirect

... • Wide Variety of Distribution Patterns – LiniArc D/I is available with a wide selection of pattern-control covers that allow you to select a distribution pattern that suits your application, from 66% uplight to full, 100% downlight. ...
Instruction Manual
Instruction Manual

... Turn the current adjustment knob counterclockwise until you get the minimum value. ...
The Mclntosh MR 80
The Mclntosh MR 80

... regulators, while the 3ma current source is made with discrete transistors because of the high voltage on the input terminal. The remaining voltages are used for the headphone amplifier and the touch control reference signal driver. Mclntosh, recognizing the need for improved reliability, has design ...
Mini Assembly Manual
Mini Assembly Manual

MAX8627 Low V , 20µA IQ, 1MHz Synchronous Boost Converter with True Shutdown
MAX8627 Low V , 20µA IQ, 1MHz Synchronous Boost Converter with True Shutdown

... consumes only 20µA under no-load conditions. At light loads, the output ripple has a frequency component that varies with load current. The threshold for entering the low-power mode is determined by sensing the voltage drop across the internal switch and comparing it to an internally generated refer ...
Electronic Scale with the Arduino Microcontroller
Electronic Scale with the Arduino Microcontroller

... Optional Extra Credit: Op-amps and Amplifier Circuits Figure 7 shows two common packages for operational amplifiers. The single package on the left contains one operational amplifier. The LF741 was one of the earliest IC op-amps and is still widely used. There are many, many varieties of op-amps ava ...
Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course Presentation
Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course Presentation

... This circuitry converts the house 120 VAC to varying DC and that is filtered and smoothed out to produce DC current that we need for our ham ...
The Voltage Source
The Voltage Source

... Notice in Example 2 that the output voltage decreases significantly, as R L is smaller compared to RS. This example illustrates the requirement that RL must be larger than RS in order to maintain the output voltage near its open circuit value. The Current Source The current source is another type of ...
electrical instrumentation final lab manuals for EX
electrical instrumentation final lab manuals for EX

Full Report - Cornell ECE
Full Report - Cornell ECE

An Integrated Bridgeless PWM Based Power Converter for Power
An Integrated Bridgeless PWM Based Power Converter for Power

... regulation. ...
EE2003 Circuit Theory
EE2003 Circuit Theory

... 3.7 Nodal versus Mesh Analysis (1) To select the method that results in the smaller number of ...
AD8016 Low Power, High Output Current xDSL Line Driver Data
AD8016 Low Power, High Output Current xDSL Line Driver Data

moplt124
moplt124

... Dipoles, Quads, Steering, Einzel lens and Extraction Power Supplies Since the energy of the beam is lower than 30keV we were able to effectively use a number of electrostatic elements (a triplet of quadrupoles in the injection line, a quadrupole in between dipole magnets in the ring, six pairs of st ...
chapter 3 - UniMAP Portal
chapter 3 - UniMAP Portal

Aalborg Universitet Control of Grid Converters
Aalborg Universitet Control of Grid Converters

Handout 3 Ohm`s Law and Joule`s Law
Handout 3 Ohm`s Law and Joule`s Law

... “Voltage (E) equals current (I) multiplied by resistance (R)”. A is the correct answer. T5D03 (B) What formula is used to calculate resistance in a circuit? A. Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I) B. Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) divided by current (I) C. Resistance (R) eq ...
CH series Mid- To Low-Priced CMOS IC Time Delay Relay
CH series Mid- To Low-Priced CMOS IC Time Delay Relay

... Delay on release – Input voltage must be applied continuously to operate the internal relay. When the control switch is closed, the relay energizes. When the control switch is opened, timing begins. When timing is complete, the relay will de-energize. Time may be reset to zero during timing by closi ...
High-Voltage, High-Current Operational Amplifier (Rev. E)
High-Voltage, High-Current Operational Amplifier (Rev. E)

... Output Current ................................................ See SOA Curve (Figure 6) Supply Voltage, V+ to V– ................................................................... 60V Input Voltage Range ....................................... (V–) – 0.5V to (V+) + 0.5V Input Shutdown Voltage .... ...
3 A CMOS Smart Temperature Sensor With a Inaccuracy of 0.5 C From
3 A CMOS Smart Temperature Sensor With a Inaccuracy of 0.5 C From

Three phase fully controlled converters are very popular in many
Three phase fully controlled converters are very popular in many

... Three phase fully controlled converters are very popular in many industrial applications particularly in situations where power regeneration from the dc side is essential. It can handle reasonably high power and has acceptable input and output harmonic distortion. The configuration also lends itself ...
monitoring of 24 V DC load circuits
monitoring of 24 V DC load circuits

... practice, ohmic resistances of the feed and return wires to and from the fault location often prevent this maximum current from flowing. Already at a loop impedance of only 0.4 Ohm (for a wire with a cross section of 1mm2, this corresponds to a distance of only 11 m between power supply and load), a ...
Electricity
Electricity

... Electrical Resistance • You and a friend are trying to illuminate a space that has very poor lighting. You both have several feet of wire, two batteries and several light bulb systems to work with. Your friend strings together three light bulbs in a series. You decide set up a one bulb circuit. Who ...
XE056LCC - Cermetek
XE056LCC - Cermetek

GAIN FOOTSWITCH DRIVE 9V Battery (Internal) OUTPUT INPUT A
GAIN FOOTSWITCH DRIVE 9V Battery (Internal) OUTPUT INPUT A

< 1 ... 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report