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tech tips
tech tips

Kirchhoff`s Laws
Kirchhoff`s Laws

jabatan kejuruteraan elektrik course code ec302
jabatan kejuruteraan elektrik course code ec302

... There must be one important point that must not be overlooked. All sequential logic that has a preset or clear function must be preset or cleared at the start of the run. If you do not preset or clear the sequential logic, Pspice does not know what output state to start the logic in. Since the initi ...
CT1000, CT200, CT60 AC/DC Current Sensor User`s Manual
CT1000, CT200, CT60 AC/DC Current Sensor User`s Manual

... • Do not perform measurement if the case is damaged. • Do not operate the device with wet hands, in a rainy or humid environment, or if any water droplets are visible on it. • Condensation may appear if sudden changes in temperature occur. If this happens, let the device acclimatize to the n ...
pn junction diode - kcpe-kcse
pn junction diode - kcpe-kcse

... The output voltage is smoother than the output for half-wave rectification but still not smooth enough for many applications. ...
Series and Parallel Circuits Computer Lab
Series and Parallel Circuits Computer Lab

... Build a simple series circuit that consists of 6 pieces of wire, 1 light bulb, and 1 battery (voltage source). In order to complete the circuit, the red circles at the end of each must overlap. Please note that the light bulb also has TWO circles. Your circuit is complete and working when the light ...
Voltage Reducer for Lithium-ion Polymer Four-Cell Batteries
Voltage Reducer for Lithium-ion Polymer Four-Cell Batteries

... voltage drop across the relay contacts, and no current is drawn when the relay drops out (a saturated power transistor has some ...
OPA4872-EP 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
OPA4872-EP 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... The OPA4872 offers a very wideband 4:1 multiplexer in an SO-14 package. Using only 10.6 mA, the OPA4872 provides a user-settable output amplifier gain with greater than 500-MHz large-signal bandwidth (2 VPP). The switching glitch is improved over earlier solutions using a new (patented) input stage ...
of the MOSFET often is connected to the source terminal, making it a
of the MOSFET often is connected to the source terminal, making it a

... ConstructionMost DIACs have a three-layer structure with breakover voltage around 30 V. Their behavior is somewhat similar to that of a neon lamp, but it is much more precisely controlled and takes place at a lower voltage. DIACs have no gate electrode, unlike some other thyristors that they are com ...
11. The Series RLC Resonance Circuit
11. The Series RLC Resonance Circuit

... as a (2) series resistor R and inductor L circuit. In both cases, it was simpler for the actual experiment to replace the battery and switch with a signal generator producing a square wave. The current through and voltage across the resistor and capacitor, and inductor in the circuit were calculated ...
Title CMOS voltage reference based on gate
Title CMOS voltage reference based on gate

... for the series resistors R2/(R1 R2) was used. A small negative temperature dependence that is not well expressed by quadratic regression equations remained, due to the small temperature dependence of R1/R2 ratio for temperatures below 25 C. Temperature coefficient of the reference voltage measured u ...
V808 -Method of Estimating APD Ranging Receiver Sensitivity
V808 -Method of Estimating APD Ranging Receiver Sensitivity

... will be above the input-referred noise floor of the variable-gain amplifier (VGA), but not so far above the VGA’s noise floor as to make inefficient use of the VGA’s dynamic range. The purpose of the VGA is to keep the input level into the comparator more-or-less constant, to help minimize range wa ...
TTR 795 - Haefely Hipotronics
TTR 795 - Haefely Hipotronics

HI1386 Datasheet
HI1386 Datasheet

... All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems. Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes ...
Current and voltage in electrical circuits
Current and voltage in electrical circuits

... Cells and circuits You should know what happens to the potential difference and current when the number of cells in a circuit is changed. Potential difference A typical cell produces a potential difference of 1.5 V. When two or more cells are connected in series in a circuit, the total potential dif ...
Bring that old rig back to life
Bring that old rig back to life

... • If you can, measure leakage and values of other capacitors (with the exception of the pink/red/burgundy silver micas and dogbone style, as they seldom go bad), replacing as necessary • Inspect and measure all carbon composition resistors, replacing as necessary (metal film replacements will work i ...
EDC LAB MANUAL PART 1
EDC LAB MANUAL PART 1

... CMR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ...
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon Driving Mid Power LEDs from
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon Driving Mid Power LEDs from

... of 150mA to 200mA. Internal breakdown voltage is >16V, this is the maximum voltage that the LED driver IC can sustain when the ouput is directly connected to supply voltage. The BCR320U/BCR321U can be operated at supply voltages of 16V or higher, by regarding the voltage drop of the LED load, which ...
ECE 310 - University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
ECE 310 - University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign

... actually a pretty good conductor. Devices are physically grounded by having a conductor in physical contact with the ground; having a fairly large area of contact is important. Most of the resistance associated with establishing an earth ground comes within a short distance of the grounding point. T ...
Physics 4700 Experiment 4 Transistors - 1 R I
Physics 4700 Experiment 4 Transistors - 1 R I

Slide 1
Slide 1

... How to avoid shock. • Turn power off before working on equipment. • Don’t touch circuits that could have high voltage on them. • Do not allow electrons to flow through the heart. I don’t think the snake knew about this detail. ...
AN1971
AN1971

... To connect the analog world to the digital core there is an analog to digital converter (ADC) implemented in the ST7LITE0. This ADC has two input ranges, the first measures the analog voltage from 0 to 5V in order to obtain a digital value ranging from 0 to 255 (8-bit resolution). The second turns o ...
Techniques for Measuring Efficiency
Techniques for Measuring Efficiency

74LCX760 Low Voltage Buffer/Line Driver 7
74LCX760 Low Voltage Buffer/Line Driver 7

Part 1: Answer the following questions (20 points)
Part 1: Answer the following questions (20 points)

... Part 2: Design your own circuit (40 points) Design a circuit and draw a circuit diagram using the proper symbols. Your circuit must contain a battery, a light bulb (if you would like to substitute another item that uses electrical power ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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