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Supplementary
Supplementary

... in saturation regime (VD-S = 1.5 V), the SID of the SiNR does not increase with higher voltages, but, instead, appears to stabilize. The same behavior can be seen in the gate voltage noise power spectral density (SVG), in which the noise level only slightly depends on the applied VFG-S, with even lo ...
emt212_ch.4 oscillators
emt212_ch.4 oscillators

ISSCC 2016 Digest of Technical Papers
ISSCC 2016 Digest of Technical Papers

... LPF_en are simultaneously turned on and tSTART-UP is 62ms. In contrast, in Fig. 5.7.5(b), tSTART-UP is 3.9ms, because the LPF is disabled during the start-up and the LPF is enabled after the start-up. The delayed turn-on of LPF_en does not affect the waveform of Out. Thus, by disabling the LPF durin ...
Transformers - Sackville School
Transformers - Sackville School

Notes of key concepts_Ch8
Notes of key concepts_Ch8

Student`s Alternative Conception in Basic Electric Circuit
Student`s Alternative Conception in Basic Electric Circuit

... Students’ responses to the concept test and interviews were analyzed to evaluate their alternative conceptions on open and short circuit concepts in basic electric circuit course. The most significant finding of the study is that student has an alternative conception of “when there is no current; th ...
Aztec • Leo • Mercury - Eclipse Lighting Inc.
Aztec • Leo • Mercury - Eclipse Lighting Inc.

...  Clear Top and Bottom (CTB) is Standard with Uplight and/or Downlight (UP/DN)  Consult Factory for other Voltage.  Battery Available as Integral or Remote - Specify REL for Remote option (ie. EL1 = Integral; REL1 = Remote)  Due to form and fit, final selection of the Battery Pack under discr ...
Encoder Signal Broadcaster
Encoder Signal Broadcaster

... The BROADCASTER accepts standard incremental encoder inputs, (two channels in quadrature plus an index and complements) and can broadcast up to four encoder signals to four independent devices. Each of the broadcast signals is optically isolated eliminating ground loops. This compact package also al ...
Detecting, Identifying, and Correcting Power Quality Problems
Detecting, Identifying, and Correcting Power Quality Problems

... Disturbance waveshapes from these monitors provide important clues toward locating the source of these problems. The paper presents examples showing how to analyze these clues, but also shows that similar disturbance waveshapes may still have radically different causes. It illustrates that engineeri ...
PDF
PDF

TLE7185-1E - Infineon Technologies
TLE7185-1E - Infineon Technologies

CA3140, CA3140A
CA3140, CA3140A

... A biasing circuit provides control of cascoded constant current flow circuits in the first and second stages. The CA3140 includes an on chip phase compensating capacitor that is sufficient for the unity gain voltage follower configuration. Input Stage The schematic diagram consists of a differential ...
Equivalent Circuit Model
Equivalent Circuit Model

... voltages (415V) to the stator windings at the rated frequency(50Hz). The rotor is kept uncoupled from any mechanical load. ...
AN1336
AN1336

... Inadvertent or unexpected loss of power can cause a number of system level problems. Memory loss, uncontrolled program status and indeterminate processor state are just a few of the issues which can occur during catastrophic power failure. Power-fail recovery is critical for applications created to ...
ID_421C_BNS-Solutions_Segmented - Renesas e
ID_421C_BNS-Solutions_Segmented - Renesas e

...  Reflective - has reflector behind, used only in well lit environments, cannot be backlit  Transmisive - requires light to pass through, must be backlit  Transflective – hybrid that can work backlit or in bright environments ...
#2092
#2092

... The only controlled copy of this Data Sheet is the electronic read-only version located on the Cooper Bussmann Network Drive. All other copies of this document are by definition uncontrolled. This bulletin is intended to clearly present comprehensive product data and provide technical information th ...
Digital to Analog Converters (DAC)
Digital to Analog Converters (DAC)

The fundamental purpose of overcurrent protection and
The fundamental purpose of overcurrent protection and

Experiment 5: Simple Resistor Circuits
Experiment 5: Simple Resistor Circuits

... Along the way, you will establish that certain measurements are affected by the way in which circuit elements are connected to each other. In a direct current (DC) circuit, the relationship between the current (I) passing through a resistor, the potential difference (V) across the resistor, and the ...
English Software - Electrical Engineering and Electronic Equipment
English Software - Electrical Engineering and Electronic Equipment

Specification Status: Released  PolyZen GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Specification Status: Released PolyZen GENERAL DESCRIPTION

... This PTC layer is fully integrated into the device, and is electrically in series between VIN and the diode clamped VOUT. ...
Local Oscillator for FM broadcast band 88-108 MHz
Local Oscillator for FM broadcast band 88-108 MHz

... where two capacitors and one inductor determine the frequency of oscillation, see figure 1.3 (a). Hartley Oscillator use two series-connected coils and a single capacitor. The feedback can be through an inductive tap, see figure 1.3(b). Clapp oscillators preferred over a Colpitts circuit for constru ...
r-rated medium voltage fuses for motor circuits
r-rated medium voltage fuses for motor circuits

Driven-Right-Leg Circuit Design
Driven-Right-Leg Circuit Design

... enough to be transformed into 120-Hz interference by the nonlinearities of the recorder as shown in Fig. 8. When the bandwidth of the driven-right-leg circuit is increased, the interference is reduced as shown in Fig. 8. The amount of 120-Hz interference that results from these 1-kHz bursts is also ...
The United Kingdom Amateur Radio (Foundation) Licence
The United Kingdom Amateur Radio (Foundation) Licence

... it to a suitable level. Box 2 contains the detector that recovers the original modulated signal- usually an audio signal but you should be aware that it might be data or video as well! The Audio Amplifier (Box 3) ensures that the audio signal is strong enough to drive the loudspeaker. The wanted rad ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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