• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Gallium Nitride (GaN) versus Silicon Carbide (SiC)
Gallium Nitride (GaN) versus Silicon Carbide (SiC)

... The characterization of a material as being wide bandgap pertains to the energy required for an electron to jump from the top of the valence band to the bottom of the conduction band within the semiconductor. Materials which require energies typically larger than one or two electronvolts (eV) are re ...
Why to use isolated amplifiers
Why to use isolated amplifiers

... 2.1.1Common mode voltage.....................................................................................................................................2 2.1.2Common mode rejection................................................................................................................... ...
Chapter 25
Chapter 25

Prony Analysis for Power System Transient
Prony Analysis for Power System Transient

Definition of Relay Terminology
Definition of Relay Terminology

... • Under normal use, the relay is designed so that the case will not detach. To maintain initial performance, the case should not be removed. Relay characteristics cannot be guaranteed if the case is removed. • Use of the relay in an atmosphere at standard temperature and humidity with minimal amount ...
The Axon Guide - Ala
The Axon Guide - Ala

Capacitors in Series and Parallel
Capacitors in Series and Parallel

Techo notes – Capacitors – fixed value
Techo notes – Capacitors – fixed value

MAX7327 I2C Port Expander with 12 Push
MAX7327 I2C Port Expander with 12 Push

... monitoring. An interrupt mask selects which inputs cause an interrupt on transitions, and transition flags identify which inputs have changed (even if only for a transient) since the ports were last read. 8 I/O and 8 push-pull outputs version: 8 open-drain I/O ports with latching transition detectio ...
SAILOR SYSTEM 4000 MF/HF 150W Technical Manual
SAILOR SYSTEM 4000 MF/HF 150W Technical Manual

On Control of Grid-connected Voltage Source Converters
On Control of Grid-connected Voltage Source Converters

SmartTrigger Operations Manual TS Digital Power-Tracking Controller
SmartTrigger Operations Manual TS Digital Power-Tracking Controller

MAX5039, MAX5040
MAX5039, MAX5040

... Scope shots are of the MAX5040 EV kit. Figures 1 through 8 demonstrate system performance of the MAX5040 under various power-up, power-down, and fault conditions. In some cases (described in detail below), startup or shutdown of the I/O and CORE supplies were purposely delayed with respect to each o ...
mmdv30s mmdh30s service manual
mmdv30s mmdh30s service manual

Capacitors in Series and Parallel
Capacitors in Series and Parallel

... • Identify series and parallel parts in the combination of connection of capacitors. • Calculate the eective capacitance in series and parallel given individual capacitances. Several capacitors may be connected together in a variety of applications. Multiple connections of capacitors act like a sin ...
NMI M 6-1 Electricity Meters. Part 1: Metrological and Technical
NMI M 6-1 Electricity Meters. Part 1: Metrological and Technical

... For induction meters the following test requirements have been added: tilt, current coil selfheating, alternative usage and phase reversal, register friction, register changeover and shock. Temperature ranges (Table 5) have been assigned according to the meter accuracy class rather than as an indoor ...
Design Considerations for Electrical Fast Transient (EFT)
Design Considerations for Electrical Fast Transient (EFT)

Start Arduino course 01 - Blink
Start Arduino course 01 - Blink

... Digital Pins - These are all labelled 0 to 13. These pins are all output and input pins, meaning they are capable of outputting a voltage of 5 volts or sensing an input voltage of 5 volts. As these are digital pins, they have two states, HIGH or LOW and nothing in between. Analog pins - These are in ...
presentation - AB-BDI-BL
presentation - AB-BDI-BL

... User.Permit.A+ ...
lightning performance of high voltage transmission lines protected
lightning performance of high voltage transmission lines protected

... The application of surge arresters in overhead transmission lines contributes to the improvement of their lightning performance and to the failures’ reduction. In this paper the lighting performance of four lines, using arresters for lightning protection, of the Hellenic transmission system were sim ...
operation manual
operation manual

BD41020FJ-C
BD41020FJ-C

... transceiver is able to transmit and receive data via the LIN bus line. The receiver detects the data stream at the LIN bus input pin and transfers it via pin RXD to the microcontroller. The transmit data stream of the protocol controller at the TXD input is converted by the transmitter into a bus si ...
Single D-Type Flip-Flop With 3-State Output
Single D-Type Flip-Flop With 3-State Output

tempo 7b training manual
tempo 7b training manual

... A Brief History of Tempo Research Corporation In August 1984, a small San Diego based company, Tempo Research Corporation, began designing, developing, manufacturing, and marketing copper cable fault locators for the telecommunications industry. As time progressed, it became evident that fiber opti ...
Analog and Digital Fluorescent Lighting Dimming Systems
Analog and Digital Fluorescent Lighting Dimming Systems

< 1 ... 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report