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An Intelligent CMOS Image Sensor with negative feedback resetting Masayuki Ikebe Junichi Motohisa
An Intelligent CMOS Image Sensor with negative feedback resetting Masayuki Ikebe Junichi Motohisa

... is important for stability of the reset operation. In using two-stage configurations for the amplifier, a large phase-compensation capacitance is need for stability. Therefore the slew rate becomes low and the settling time becomes slow. In this work a single-stage configuration was used and stabili ...
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... 1960 MHz can be as high as 20 dB if the input and output matching networks are designed for best return loss. The amplifier will not be unconditionally stable under these conditions. The addition of R5 reduces amplifier gain both inband and out-of-band which enhances stability. The resistive loading ...
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... The MAX16999 is a low-quiescent-current linear regulator designed for applications requiring high reliability, such as automotive applications. This device can supply loads up to 100mA and is available in factory-preset output voltages from 0.5V to 3.3V (see the Selector Guide). As illustrated in Fi ...
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... efficiency when converting the three major pollutants (CO, HC, NOX) into harmless emissions (CO2, H2O, N, H). The computer can only use the sensor's output information under certain conditions. First, the sensor must be hot to produce a normal signal. (600°F). This is why most sensors today have bui ...


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... The Photovoltaic (PV) array and the battery are connected to the AC grid via a common DC/AC inverter. AC output voltage is created by switching the full bridge in an appropriate sequence. The inverter topologies can be divided into two types, which are single-stage and multi-stage inverters. The sin ...
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... be filtered, or data may be smoothed in software, or both. Beam intensity variations during the scan may be canceled by measuring the instantaneous ratio of the ‘field chamber’ current to a ‘reference chamber’ current. We prefer to integrate the current, measuring the total output charge. That extra ...
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... typical 6.4mA output current, the MAX9150 produces an output voltage of 320mV when driving a transmission line terminated at each end with a 100Ω termination resistor (6.4mA x 50Ω = 320mV). Termination resistance values may range between 90Ω and 150Ω, depending on the characteristic impedance of the ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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